Bodo (deacon)
Bodo (c. 814[1] – 876) was a Frankish deacon at the court of Emperor Louis the Pious, who caused a notorious case of apostasy in the Europe of his day.
Life
In early 838, Bodo declared that he was embarking to make a pilgrimage to Rome, but instead went to Muslim Spain, where he converted to Judaism.[2] His conversion was regarded as a rejection of the Carolingian culture, as well as of the Christian faith.[3] He took the Jewish name of Eleazar, had himself circumcised and married a Jewish woman. In 839, Bodo moved to Saragossa, where he incited the government of the Caliphate of Cordoba and the people to persecute the Spanish Christians.[4] Léon Poliakov claims that this conversion is evidence of the high regard in which Jews were held in Carolingian France.[5]
Correspondence with Álvaro
In 840 Bodo began a correspondence with a Christian intellectual, Pablo Álvaro of Cordova, also in Muslim Spain.[2] Alvaro was born a Jew,[2] but had converted to Christianity. Because Bodo and Alvaro were both converts, they began a dialogue to try to convince each other to go back to their old faith.[2] Some of their letters have been preserved.
The source of the following letter is disputed, but it is attributed to Bodo:
As for your assertion that Christ is God, joined with the Holy Spirit, and you worship him because he had no human father, then along with him you ought to worship Adam the father of the human race, who had neither father nor mother, whose flesh, blood, bones and skin were created from clay. Breath was put in him by the Holy Spirit, and he became an intelligent being. Then too, Eve was created from Adam's rib without a father or mother, and breath came into her and she became intelligent. So worship them too![6]
References
- Cabaniss, Allen (1953). "Bodo-Elezazar: A Famous Jewish Convert". The Jewish Quarterly Review. Institute for Advanced Study. 43 (4): 313–328. doi:10.2307/1453233. JSTOR 1453233.
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Richard Gottheil & Hermann Vogelstein. Bodo "Bodo" Check
|url=value (help). Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2010-05-10. - Riess, Frank. "From Aachen to Al-Andalus: the journey of Deacon Bodo (823–76)". John Wiley & Sons. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05. Retrieved 2010-05-10.
- Golb, Norman, Jewish Proselytism —A Phenomenon in the Religious History of Early Medieval Europe page 3, The Tenth Annual Rabbi Louis Feinberg Memorial Lecture, Judaic Studies Program, University of Cincinnati, March 3, 1987, available at https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/jewish_proselytism.pdf (retrieved 2017-10-31).
- Poliakov, Leon, The History of Anti-Semitism, Volume 2: from Mohammad to the Marranos page 107, University of Pennsylvania Press: 2003
- Alan D. Corré. "The Bishop's Letter". University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Retrieved 2010-05-10.
External link
Translation of the correspondence between Álvaro and Bodo by Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Missing or empty |title= (help)