Bosscha Observatory

Bosscha Observatory is the oldest modern observatory in Indonesia, and one of the oldest in Asia. The observatory is located in Lembang, West Java, approximately 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) north of Bandung. It is situated on a hilly six hectares of land and is 1,310 m (4,300 ft) above mean sea level plateau. The IAU observatory code for Bosscha is 299.

Bosscha Observatory
OrganizationInstitut Teknologi Bandung
Observatory code 299 
LocationWest Java, Indonesia
Coordinates6°49′28″S 107°36′56″E
Altitude1,310 m (4,296 ft)
Established1923
Websitebosscha.itb.ac.id
Telescopes
Zeiss Telescope60 cm Double Refractor
Schmidt "Bima Sakti" Telescope71.12cm Schmidt Reflector
The Bamberg Refractor37 cm Refractor
The Cassegrain GOTOCassegrain
The Unitron RefractorRefractor
Location of Bosscha Observatory
Related media on Wikimedia Commons

History

During the first meeting of the Nederlandsch-Indische Sterrekundige Vereeniging (Dutch-Indies Astronomical Society) in the 1920s, it was agreed that an observatory was needed to study astronomy in the Dutch East Indies. Of all locations in the Indonesia archipelago, a tea plantation in Malabar, a few kilometers north of Bandung in West Java was selected. It is on the hilly north side of the city with a non-obstructed view of the sky and with close access to the city that was planned to become the new capital of the Dutch colony, replacing Batavia (present-day Jakarta). The observatory is named after the tea plantation owner Karel Albert Rudolf Bosscha, son of the physicist Johannes Bosscha and a major force in the development of science and technology in the Dutch East Indies, who granted six hectares of his property for the new observatory.[1]

Construction of the observatory began in 1923 and was completed in 1928. Since then a continuous observation of the sky was made. The first international publication from Bosscha was published in 1922. Observations from Bosscha were halted during World War II and after the war a major reconstruction was necessary. On 17 October 1951, the Dutch-Indies Astronomical Society handed over operation of the observatory to the government of Indonesia. In 1959 the observatory's operation was given to the Institut Teknologi Bandung and has been an integral part of the research and formal education of astronomy in Indonesia.

Facilities

Five large telescopes were installed in Bosscha:

  1. The Zeiss double refractor
    This telescope is mainly used to observe visual binary stars, conduct photometric studies on eclipsing binaries, image lunar craters, observe planets (Mars, Saturn and Jupiter) and to observe comet details and other heavy bodies. The telescope has two objective lenses with a diameter of 60 cm (24 in) each and a focal length of 10.7 m (35 ft).
  2. The Schmidt telescope (nicknamed the Bima Sakti, or "Milky Way" telescope)
    This telescope is used to study galactic structure, stellar spectra, asteroid studies, supernovae, and to photograph heavy bodies. The main lens diameter is 71.12 cm (28.00 in), the correcting bi-concave and convex lens is 50 cm (20 in) with a focal length of 2.5 m (8.2 ft). It is also equipped with a spectral prism with a prime angle of 6.10 degrees for stellar spectra, a wedge sensitometer and a film recorder.
  3. The Bamberg refractor
    This telescope is used to determine stellar magnitude, stellar distance, and photometric studies of eclipsing stars, solar imaging, and others. It is equipped with a photoelectric photometer, has a 37 cm (15 in) lens diameter with 7 m (23 ft) meter of focal length.
  4. The Cassegrain GOTO
    This was a gift from the Japanese government. This computer controlled telescope can automatically view objects from a database and this was the first digital telescope at Bosscha. The telescope is also equipped with a photometer and spectrometer-spectrograph.
  5. The Unitron refractor
    This telescope is used for observing hilal, lunar eclipse, solar eclipse and sunspot photography, and also other objects. Lens diameter is 10.2 cm (4.0 in) and a focal length of 150 cm (59 in).

Directors

1923 - 1940 : Dr. J. Voûte
1940 - 1942 : Dr. Aernout de Sitter
1942 - 1946 : Prof. Dr. Masashi Miyaji
1946 - 1949 : Prof. Dr. J. Hins
1949 - 1958 : Prof. Dr. Gale Bruno van Albada
1958 - 1959 : Prof. Dr. Ong Ping Hok, Dr. Kusumanto Purbosiswoyo (1959-1960) and Santoso Nitisastro (temporary officers)
1959 - 1968 : Prof. Dr. The Pik Sin
1968 - 1999 : Prof. Dr. Bambang Hidayat
1999 - 2004 : Dr. Moedji Raharto
2004 - 2006 : Dr. Dhani Herdiwijaya
2006 - 2009 : Prof. Dr. Taufiq Hidayat
2009 - 2012 : Dr. Hakim L. Malasan
2012 - present: Dr. Mahasena Putra

The popular American reality TV Series The Amazing Race 23 used this site as a Pit Stop for its 9th leg.[2] The episode that used this site for filming was nominated for the Emmys in several categories and won the Outstanding Reality-Competition Program award.[3]

References
  1. Peter Hastings, The Road to Lembang: A Retrospect, 1938-1966, p. 34. Griffith University, Division of Asian and International Studies, Centre for the Study of Australia-Asia Relations, 1990. ISBN 9780868573564
  2. Barrett, Annie (23 November 2013). "The Amazing Race recap: 'Part Like the Red Sea'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  3. "Backstage at the Emmys 2014". CBS News. 25 August 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  • Bosscha Observatory
  • Timau, SE Asia's largest telescope under construction in Timor, NTT, at similar elevation, due 2019.
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