Botvinnik versus Capablanca, AVRO 1938

In Rotterdam on 22 November 1938,[1] then future World Chess Champion Mikhail Botvinnik (as white) defeated former World Champion José Raúl Capablanca in round 11 of the AVRO tournament in one of the most famous games in chess history.[2][3] Garry Kasparov wrote:

[...] Botvinnik played what was altogether the "game of his life" against Capablanca. It was not just that it was judged the most brilliant in the tournament and to be worth two first prizes, but it was even suggested that, by analogy with the "immortal" and "evergreen" games, it should be called "peerless" or "classical"![4]

Animation of the game

The game

White: Mikhail Botvinnik   Black: José Capablanca   Tournament: AVRO, Netherlands 1938   Opening: Nimzo-Indian Defense (ECO E49)

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 d5 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3

White gets doubled pawns but they quickly get undoubled.

6... c5 7. cxd5 exd5 8. Bd3 0-0 9. Ne2 b6 10. 0-0 Ba6 11. Bxa6 Nxa6 12. Bb2 Qd7 13. a4 Rfe8 14. Qd3 c4

Botvinnik suggests 14...Qb7 instead.

15. Qc2 Nb8 16. Rae1 Nc6 17. Ng3 Na5? 18. f3

White prepares to make use of his central pawn majority in order to gain space, and, later on, to attack Black's king. Black's knight moves to an outpost on the b3-square, but it proves unable to defend against White's advances.
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Position after 29...Qe7?, and before Botvinnik's famous 30.Ba3!

18... Nb3 19. e4 Qxa4 20. e5 Nd7 21. Qf2 g6 22. f4 f5 23. exf6 e.p. Nxf6 24. f5 Rxe1 25. Rxe1 Re8? 26. Re6 Rxe6 27. fxe6 Kg7 28. Qf4 Qe8 29. Qe5? Qe7?[5] (see diagram)

According to Graham Burgess,[6] Black's best try was 29...h6! 30.h4! (30.Ne2!? might draw) 30...Na5! 31.Bc1! Qe7 32.Bg5! with winning chances for White; however, the move played leads to a tactical combination that wins instantly.

30. Ba3!

White draws Black's queen away from blockading the passed pawn.

30... Qxa3

Black has no choice because otherwise White's passed pawn advances (31.e7).

31. Nh5+!

This sacrifice of the knight must be accepted because of the fork of Black's knight and king. Black's knight cannot take White's, however, due to the pin on it by White's queen. White regains the knight by a queen fork next move.

31... gxh5 32. Qg5+ Kf8 33. Qxf6+ Kg8 34. e7 Qc1+ 35. Kf2 Qc2+ 36. Kg3 Qd3+ 37. Kh4 Qe4+ 38. Kxh5 Qe2+ 39. Kh4 Qe4+ 40. g4 Qe1+ 41. Kh5

Black is out of useful checking moves and is faced with the threat of mate with Qf8#. If 41...h6, then White promotes the pawn after 42.Qg6+ Kh8 43.e8=Q+, mating after 43...Qxe8 44.Qxe8+ Kg7 45.Qe7+ followed by 46.Kxh6 and 47.Qg7#.

1–0

Black resigned.

See also

Notes
  1. Winter, Edward. "Chess Jottings". www.chesshistory.com. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  2. This was to be their last game before Capablanca's 1942 death. All together, they played seven other games of tournament chess. This includes another game at AVRO 1938 with colours reversed, which was drawn. The then 14-year-old Botvinnik also beat Capablanca in a simultaneous game in 1925.
  3. "Mikhail Botvinnik vs. Jose Raul Capablanca, The Netherlands 1938". Chessgames.com. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  4. Kasparov 2003, 125
  5. Loy, Jim (2003). "M. Botvinnik - J. R. Capablanca, 1938 AVRO Tournament". Archived from the original on January 5, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
  6. Burgess, Nunn, & Emms, 2004, pp. 167-68

References
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