Brian Greene

Brian Randolph Greene[1] (born February 9, 1963) is an American theoretical physicist, mathematician, and string theorist. Greene was a physics professor at Cornell University from 1990-1995, and has been a professor at Columbia University since 1996 and chairman of the World Science Festival since co-founding it in 2008. Greene has worked on mirror symmetry, relating two different Calabi–Yau manifolds (concretely, relating the conifold to one of its orbifolds). He also described the flop transition, a mild form of topology change, showing that topology in string theory can change at the conifold point.

For the Utah politician, see Brian Greene (politician). For the American football player, see Brian Greene (American football). For people with a similar name, see Brian Green (disambiguation).
Brian Greene
Brian Greene, February 28, 2012
Born
Brian Randolph Greene

(1963-02-09) February 9, 1963
New York City, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Alma materHarvard University (BA)
Magdalen College, Oxford (PhD)
Known forString theory
The Elegant Universe
The Fabric of the Cosmos
The Hidden Reality
Spouse(s)Tracy Day
AwardsAndrew Gemant Award (2003)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsCornell University
Columbia University
Doctoral advisorGraham G. Ross
James Binney

Greene has become known to a wider audience through his books for the general public, The Elegant Universe, Icarus at the Edge of Time, The Fabric of the Cosmos, The Hidden Reality, and related PBS television specials. He also appeared on The Big Bang Theory episode "The Herb Garden Germination", as well as the films Frequency and The Last Mimzy. He is currently a member of the Board of Sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.[2] Greene was also the narrator for the U.S. version of the preschool television series, Maisy. In February 2020 his interview by podcaster Joe Rogan was viewed or heard by millions.

Early life

Greene was born in New York City of Jewish background.[3] His father, Alan Greene, was a one-time vaudeville performer and high school dropout who later worked as a voice coach and composer. After attending Stuyvesant High School,[4] Greene entered Harvard University in 1980 to concentrate in physics. After completing his bachelor's degree with summa cum laude honors, Greene earned his doctorate at Magdalen College, Oxford University, graduating in 1987.[5] While at Oxford, Greene also studied piano with the concert pianist Jack Gibbons.[6]

Career

Greene joined the physics faculty of Cornell University in 1990 and was appointed to a full professorship in 1995. The following year, he joined the staff of Columbia University as a full professor. At Columbia, Greene is co-director of the university's Institute for Strings, Cosmology, and Astroparticle Physics (ISCAP) and is leading a research program applying superstring theory to cosmological questions. With co-investigators David Albert and Maulik Parikh he is a FQXi large-grant awardee for his project entitled "Arrow of Time in the Quantum Universe".[7]

Research

Greene's area of research is string theory, a candidate for a theory of quantum gravity. He is known for his contribution to the understanding of the different shapes the curled-up dimensions of string theory can take. The most important of these shapes are so-called Calabi–Yau manifolds; when the extra dimensions take on those particular forms, physics in three dimensions exhibits an abstract symmetry known as supersymmetry.

Greene has worked on a particular class of symmetry relating two different Calabi–Yau manifolds, known as mirror symmetry and is known for his research on the flop transition, a mild form of topology change, showing that topology in string theory can change at the conifold point.[8]

Currently, Greene studies string cosmology, especially the imprints of trans Planckian physics on the cosmic microwave background, and brane-gas cosmologies that could explain why the space around us has three large dimensions, expanding on the suggestion of a black hole electron, namely that the electron may be a black hole.

World Science Festival

In 2008, together with Tracy Day (former ABC News producer), Greene co-founded the World Science Festival,[9] whose mission is to cultivate a general public informed by science, inspired by wonder, convinced of its value, and prepared to engage with its implications for the future.[10]

The World Science Festival's signature event is a five-day festival in New York City, typically falling in May. Held at a variety of museums, galleries, and outdoor venues, the festival has surpassed 2 million attendees.[11] Hailed as a “new cultural institution”,[12] by The New York Times, the Festival has featured Stephen Hawking, Edward O. Wilson, Sir Paul Nurse, James Watson, Anna Deavere Smith, Francis Collins, Philip Glass, Yo-Yo Ma, Oliver Sacks, Mary-Claire King, William Phillips, Paul Davies, Elizabeth Vargas, Sir Roger Penrose, Charlie Rose, Lisa P. Jackson, John Lithgow, Vinton Cerf, Glenn Close, Jeffrey Eugenides, Bill T. Jones, Joyce Carol Oates and Elaine Fuchs.

Communicating science

Greene is well known to a wider audience for his work on popularizing theoretical physics, in particular string theory and the search for a unified theory of physics. His first book, The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory, published in 1999, is a popularization of superstring theory and M-theory. It was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in nonfiction, and winner of The Aventis Prizes for Science Books in 2000.[13] The Elegant Universe was later made into a PBS television special of the same name, hosted and narrated by Greene, which won a 2003 Peabody Award.[14]

Greene's second book, The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality (2004), is about space, time, and the nature of the universe. Aspects covered in this book include non-local particle entanglement as it relates to special relativity and basic explanations of string theory. It is an examination of the very nature of matter and reality, covering such topics as spacetime and cosmology, origins and unification, and including an exploration into reality and the imagination. The Fabric of the Cosmos was later made into a PBS television special of the same name, hosted and narrated by Greene.

Greene's third book, The Hidden Reality: Parallel Universes and the Deep Laws of the Cosmos, published in January 2011, deals in greater depth with multiple universes, or, as they are sometimes referred to collectively, the multiverse.

A book for a younger audience, Icarus at the Edge of Time,[15] which is a futuristic re-telling of the Icarus myth, was published September 2, 2008.[16] In addition to authoring popular-science books, Greene is an occasional Op-Ed Contributor for The New York Times, writing on his work and other scientific topics.

The popularity of his books and his natural on-camera demeanor have resulted in many media appearances, including Charlie Rose, The Colbert Report, The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, The Century with Peter Jennings, CNN, TIME, Nightline in Primetime, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, and the Late Show with David Letterman. It has also led to Greene helping John Lithgow with scientific dialogue for the television series 3rd Rock from the Sun, and becoming a technical consultant for the film Frequency, in which he also had a cameo role. He was a consultant on the 2006 time-travel movie Déjà Vu. He also had a cameo appearance as an Intel scientist in 2007's The Last Mimzy. Greene was also mentioned in the 2002 Angel episode "Supersymmetry" and in the 2008 Stargate Atlantis episode "Trio". In April 2011 he appeared on The Big Bang Theory in the episode "The Herb Garden Germination" as himself, speaking to a small crowd about the contents of his most recent book.[17]

Greene often lectures outside of the collegiate setting, at both a general and a technical level, in more than twenty-five countries. In 2012 his teaching prowess was recognized when he received the Richtmyer Memorial Award, which is given annually by the American Association of Physics Teachers.[18]

In May 2013, the Science Laureates of the United States Act of 2013 (H.R. 1891; 113th Congress) was introduced into Congress. Brian Greene was listed by one commentator as a possible nominee for the position of Science Laureate, if the act were to pass.[19]

In March 2015, an Australian spider that uses waves to hunt prey, Dolomedes briangreenei, was to be named in honor of Brian Greene.[20][21]

He was interviewed at length by Jim Al-Khalili on the BBC radio program The Life Scientific on 28 April 2020.[22]

Personal life

Greene is married to former ABC producer Tracy Day.[23] They have one son, Alec, and one daughter, Sophia. Greene has been vegetarian since he was nine years old and a vegan since 1997.[24][25][26]

Greene has stated that he regards science as being incompatible with literalist interpretations of religion and that there is much in the New Atheism movement which resonates with him because he personally does not feel the need for religious explanation. However, he is uncertain of its efficacy as a strategy for spreading a scientific worldview.[27] In an interview with the Guardian he says "When I’m looking to understand myself as a human, and how I fit in to the long chain of human culture that reaches back thousands of years, religion is a deeply valuable part of that story." [28]

Bibliography

Technical articles

For a full list of technical articles, consult the publication list in the INSPIRE-HEP database

  • Easther, Richard; Greene, Brian R.; Jackson, Mark G.; Kabat, Daniel (2005). "String windings in the early universe". Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2005 (2): 009. arXiv:hep-th/0409121. Bibcode:2005JCAP...02..009E. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2005/02/009. S2CID 18798551.
  • Easther, Richard; Greene, Brian R.; Kinney, William H.; Shiu, Gary (2002). "A generic estimate of trans-Planckian modifications to the primordial power spectrum in inflation". Physical Review D. 66 (2): 023518. arXiv:hep-th/0204129. Bibcode:2002PhRvD..66b3518E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.66.023518. S2CID 119461276.
  • R. Easther, B. Greene, W. Kinney, G. Shiu, "Inflation as a Probe of Short Distance Physics". Phys. Rev. D64 (2001) 103502.
  • Brian R. Greene, "D-Brane Topology Changing Transitions". Nucl. Phys. B525 (1998) 284-296.
  • Michael R. Douglas, Brian R. Greene, David R. Morrison, "Orbifold Resolution by D-Branes". Nucl.Phys. B506 (1997) 84-106.
  • Brian R. Greene, David R. Morrison, Andrew Strominger, "Black Hole Condensation and the Unification of String Vacua". Nucl.Phys. B451 (1995) 109-120.
  • P.S. Aspinwall, B.R. Greene, D.R. Morrison, "Calabi–Yau Moduli Space, Mirror Manifolds and Spacetime Topology Change in String Theory". Nucl.Phys. B416 (1994) 414-480.
  • B.R.Greene and M.R.Plesser, "Duality in Calabi-Yau Moduli Space". Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 15.

References
  1. "The Mathematics Genealogy Project – Brian Greene". Archived from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  2. "Board of Sponsors". Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  3. Literature = art + science, February 12, 2009, Rebecca Abrams, JC
  4. JR Minkel (Spring 2006). "The String is The Thing – Brian Greene Unravels the Fabric of the Universe". Columbia Magazine. Columbia University. Archived from the original on 2007-12-23. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
  5. "Brian Greene - Department of Physics". physics.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-12-11.
  6. "The Hidden Reality by Brian Greene | book review". Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  7. O'Hara, Bob (2012-11-28). "The Hidden Reality by Brian Greene (Book Review)". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Archived from the original on 2015-03-29. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  8. Greene, Brian; Ahlqvist, Pontus; Kagan, David; Lim, Eugene A.; Sarangi, Saswat; Yang, I-Sheng (2011). "Conifolds and Tunneling in the String Landscape". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2011 (3): 119. arXiv:1011.6588. Bibcode:2011JHEP...03..119A. doi:10.1007/JHEP03(2011)119. S2CID 119238095.
  9. "Who We Are". World Science Festival. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
  10. "About the World Science Festival". World Science Festival. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
  11. Eskenazi, Gerald (May 28, 2019). "Add This To Your Calendar In New York: The Fascinating Science Festival". Forbes. Retrieved Oct 14, 2019.Eskenazi, Gerald (May 28, 2019). "Add This To Your Calendar In New York: The Fascinating Science Festival". Forbes. Retrieved Oct 14, 2019.
  12. Overbye, Dennis (June 3, 2008). "An Overflowing Five-Day Banquet of Science and Its Meanings". The New York Times. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
  13. "Profile of Brian Greene". Royce Carlton Incorporated. Archived from the original on 2007-08-23. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
  14. "NOVA: The Elegant Universe with Brian Greene". Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  15. Greene, Brian (2008). Icarus at the Edge of Time. ISBN 978-0-307-26888-4.
  16. results, search (September 2, 2008). Icarus at the Edge of Time. Knopf. ISBN 978-0307268884.
  17. Brian Greene String Theory - String Theory And Multiverse Explained (Documentary). YouTube.
  18. "Brian Greene Recognized as 2012 Recipient of the Richtmyer Memorial Lecture Award". American Association of Physics Teachers. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  19. Marlow, Jeffrey (May 9, 2013). "The Science Laureate of the United States". Wired Magazine. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
  20. Mitchell-Whittington, Amy (March 9, 2016). "Brisbane welcomes world renowned physicist by naming spider after him". Brisbane Times. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017.
  21. Lewis, Danny. "Recently Discovered Spider Is Named After Physicist Brian Greene". smithsonianmag.com.
  22. "BBC The Life Scientific". Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  23. Overbye, Dennis (June 3, 2008). "An Overflowing Five-Day Banquet of Science and Its Meanings". The New York Times.
  24. Boss, Shira. "Brian Greene Has the World on a String". Columbia College Today. Archived from the original on June 23, 2010. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
  25. "Consciousness Emerges in the Ash of Stellar Alchemy". Flickr. 2007-08-12. Archived from the original on 2015-01-18. Retrieved 2011-03-22.
  26. "Scientists and inventors on vegetarianism". Archived from the original on 2013-05-11.
  27. "An Interview with Brian Greene". oxonianreview.org. April 3, 2011. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013.
  28. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/feb/06/brian-greene-theoretical-physicist-interview-until-the-end-of-time
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