Bursidae

The Bursidae, common name "frog snails" or "frog shells", are a rather small taxonomic family of large sea snails, marine gastropod predatory snails in the clade Littorinimorpha. [1]

Bursidae
Apertural view of a shell of Tutufa (Tutufella) rubeta
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Superfamily: Tonnoidea
Family: Bursidae
Thiele, 1925
Genera

See text

Distribution

Most species in this family occur on rocks or coral reefs in shallow waters of tropical oceans, including the Indo-Pacific, the Caribbean Sea, and other marginal warm seas, but they are also found in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Only a few are found on sandy bottoms of deeper waters of the continental shelf.

Shell description

The thick, ovate to slightly elongated shells are coarsely sculptured, resembling the triton shells of the Ranellidae. The intersection of the spiral ribs and the axial sculpture results in a strong nodulose pattern of more or less round knobs. This warty surface gave them their common name - frog shells. The outer varicose lip is dilated and shows a number of labial plicae, resulting in a toothed lip on the inside. The inner lip is calloused, showing transverse plicae.

The anterior and posterior canals are well developed. The siphonal canal at the anterior end is usually short. The anal canal at the posterior end is a deep slot. The strong axial varices are often in two continuous series per whorl, one down each side of the shell. The nucleus of the corneous operculum is situated either at the anterior end or the mid-inner margin. A periostracum (hairy covering of the outer shell) is usually absent or thin.

Anatomy

The taenioglossate radula has seven teeth in each row: one central tooth, flanked on each side by one lateral and two marginal teeth. The central tooth is saddle-shaped, with long basal limbs, each bearing a cusp-like spur upon its face.

Their eyes are based at the base of their filiform tentacles. The foot is short and thick.

Fertilization is internal. The female snail lays her eggs enclosed in a jelly-like matrix that she sometimes broods with her foot. After hatching, the eggs become free-swimming larvae.

Feeding habits

Frog shells are active predators, and appear to feed on bristle worms (Polychaeta) that they anaesthetize with acidic saliva through their extensible, distally flattened probosces.

Genera

Genera in the family Bursidae include:[2][3][4]

Shells of Aquitanobursa tuberosa (Grateloup, 1833) †; fossil, Aquitaine, France
  • †Aquitanobursa M. T. Sanders, Merle & Puillandre, 2019
  • Aspa H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
  • Bufonaria Schumacher, 1817
  • Bursa Roding, 1798
  • Bursina Oyama 1964 - assigned to Bursidae by Beu in 2005[5]
  • Crossata Jousseaume, 1881
  • Marsupina Dall, 1904
  • † Ranellina - assigned to Bursidae by Palmer and Brann in 1966[6]
  • Tutufa Jousseaume, 1881
Genera brought into synonymy
  • Annaperenna Iredale, 1936: synonym of Bursa Röding, 1798
  • Bechtelia Emerson & Hertlein, 1964 †: synonym of Marsupina Dall, 1904
  • Buffo Montfort, 1810: synonym of Marsupina Dall, 1904
  • Bufonariella Thiele, 1929: synonym of Bursa Röding, 1798
  • Chasmotheca Dall, 1904: synonym of Bufonaria Schumacher, 1817
  • Colubrellina Fischer, 1884: synonym of Bursa Röding, 1798
  • Dulcerana Oyama, 1964: synonym of Bursa Röding, 1798
  • Lampadopsis P. Fischer, 1884: synonym of Bursa Röding, 1798
  • Lampas Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Tutufa (Tutufella) Beu, 1981
  • Lampasopsis Jousseaume, 1881: synonym of Bursa Röding, 1798
  • Pseudobursa Rovereto, 1899: synonym of Bursa Röding, 1798
  • Tritonoranella Oyama, 1964: synonym of Bursa Röding, 1798
  • Tutufella Beu, 1981: synonym of Tutufa (Tutufella) Beu, 1981

References
  1. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Bursidae Thiele, 1925. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=22995 on 2020-08-19
  2. "Bursidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  3. Powell A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca. William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. ISBN 0-00-216906-1
  4. Cossignani, Tiziano (1994). Bursidae of the World. Ancona, Italy: L'Informatore Piceno. p. 119. ISBN 88-86070-09-8.
  5. Beu A.G. (2005). "Neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of Indonesia". Scripta Geologica. 130: 1–186.
  6. Palmer K. V. & Brann D. C. (1966). "Catalogue of the Paleocene and Eocene Mollusks of the Southern and Eastern United States Part II. Gastropoda". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 218: 471–1057.

Footnotes
  • Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (2005) Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47(1-2): 1-397.
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