Cahokia people

The Cahokia were an Algonquian-speaking Native American tribe and member of the Illinois Confederation; their territory was in what is now the Midwest of the United States in North America. As a member of the Illinois Confederation, the Cahokia were likely similar to other Illinois groups in culture, economy, and technology. At the time of European contact with the Illini, the peoples were located in what would later be organized as the states of Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas. After coming upon a complex of monumental earthwork mounds in southern Illinois, the Europeans named the site after the historic Cahokia tribe, then present in the vicinity. But scholars do not believe the tribe was related to the builders of Cahokia Mounds; the site had been abandoned by Native Americans for centuries.

This article is about a former Native American tribe. For other uses, see Cahokia (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with the unnamed prehistoric inhabitants of the Cahokia Mounds.

French missionaries built two missions as part of their proselytizing of the Cahokia: the Tamaroa/Cahokia mission in 1699 CE and the River L’Abbė mission in 1735 CE.[1][2] These multiple missions imply the Cahokia was a large enough tribe for the French Seminary of Foreign Missions to justify their construction and operation. But the Cahokia declined in number in the 18th century, due likely to mortality from warfare with other tribesnew infectious diseases, and cultural changes, such as Christianization, which further disrupted their society.[3]

The remnant Cahokia, along with the Michigamea, were absorbed by the Kaskaskia and finally the Peoria people. The Tamaroa were closely related to the Cahokia. After the U.S. government implemented its policy of Indian removal in the early nineteenth century, they were forcefully relocated to Kansas Territory, and finally to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). Five Cahokia chiefs and headmen joined those of other Illinois tribes at the 1818 Treaty of Edwardsville (Illinois); they ceded to the United States territory of theirs that equaled half of the present state of Illinois.[4]

Although the Cahokia tribe is no longer a distinct polity, its cultural traditions continue through the federally recognized Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma.[4][5]

See also

Further reading
  • Cahokia Indian Tribe History at Access Genealogy
  • Malinowski, Sharon; Sheets, Anna (1998). Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes, Volume 1. Gale. ISBN 0-7876-1086-0.

References
  1. Morgan, M. J., 1955- (2010). Land of big rivers : French and Indian Illinois, 1699-1778. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-8093-8564-5. OCLC 649913983.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. Walthall, John A., author. The River L'Abbe Mission: a French colonial church for the Cahokia Illini on Monks Mound. OCLC 1107697896.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. White, A.J.; Munoz, Samuel E.; Schroeder, Sissel; Stevens, Lora R. (January 24, 2020). "After Cahokia: Indigenous Repopulation and Depopulation of the Horseshoe Lake Watershed AD 1400–1900". American Antiquity. 85 (2): 263–278. doi:10.1017/aaq.2019.103. ISSN 0002-7316.
  4. Simpson, Linda. "The Tribes of the Illinois Confederacy." May 6, 2006. Accessed November 27, 2016.
  5. "About | Peoria Tribe Of Indians of Oklahoma". Retrieved March 26, 2020.


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