Caladenia bicalliata

Caladenia bicalliata is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is native to the south-west of Western Australia and coastal areas of South Australia. It has a single erect, hairy leaf and one or two cream-coloured flowers. There are two subspecies differing in the size and colour of the flowers.

Caladenia bicalliata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Caladenia
Species:
C. bicalliata
Binomial name
Caladenia bicalliata

Description

Caladenia bicalliata is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf 6–20 cm (2–8 in) long and 2–5 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide. The inflorescence is a raceme, 20–35 cm (8–10 in) high with up to three flowers, each flower 25–70 mm (1–3 in) long and 10–40 mm (0.4–2 in) wide. The dorsal sepal is erect and abruptly narrows about one-third of its length from the base. The lateral sepals and petals are cream or greenish-cream and are much shorter than those of the similar C. abbreviata and C. evanescens. The dorsal sepals and petals have reddish-brown or pale yellow tips, depending on subspecies. The labellum is white, sometimes with red stripes and has two rows of white calli along its centre. Flowering occurs between August and early October but the flowers are only open for a day or two or may not open at all.[1][2]

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia bicalliata was first formally described by Richard Rogers in 1909 from a specimen collected at Kingscote on Kangaroo Island. The description was published in Transactions, proceedings and report, Royal Society of South Australia.[3][4] The specific epithet (bicalliata) refers to the two rows of calli on the labellum of this species.[1]

There are two subspecies:

Distribution and habitat

This spider orchid occurs in a narrow coastal strip, growing in calcareous soil between Kalbarri and Esperance in Western Australia and along the south-east coast but sometimes up to 100 km (60 mi) inland in South Australia.[1][2][5][6]

Conservation

Caladenia bicalliata is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[7]

References
  1. Brown, Andrew; Dixon, Kingsley; French, Christopher; Brockman, Garry (2013). Field guide to the orchids of Western Australia : the definitive guide to the native orchids of Western Australia. Simon Nevill Publications. pp. 52–53. ISBN 9780980348149.
  2. Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. pp. 26–27. ISBN 9780646562322.
  3. "Caladenia bicalliata". APNI. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  4. Rogers, Richard Sanders (1909). "Notes on the orchids of Kangaroo Island together with a description of two new species". Transactions, proceedings and report, Royal Society of South Australia. 33: 17. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  5. "Caladenia bicalliata". State herbarium of Souyth Australia: efloraSA. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  6. Paczkowska, Grazyna; Chapman, Alex R. (2000). The Western Australian flora : a descriptive catalogue. Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia. p. 76. ISBN 0646402439.
  7. "Caladenia bicalliata". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
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