Calyptorhynchus

Described by French naturalist Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest in 1826,[1] the genus Calyptorhynchus has two species of cockatoos. They are all mostly black in colour, and the taxa may be differentiated partly by size and partly by small areas of red, grey, and yellow plumage, especially in the tail feathers. Studies based on the mitochondrial DNA 12S gene fragment suggested that other sexually dichromatic species, the gang-gang cockatoo and the cockatiel may be the closest living relatives of Calyptorhynchus.[2] However, subsequent studies, including more genes confirm the morphological taxonomy with the gang-gang cockatoo most closely related to the galah, within the white cockatoo group, and with the cockatiel as a third distinct subfamily of cockatoos.[3]

SubgenusImageScientific nameCommon nameSubspeciesDistribution
Calyptorhynchus - black-and-red cockatoos Calyptorhynchus banksii Red-tailed black cockatoo
  • Calyptorhynchus banksii banksii
  • Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne
  • Calyptorhynchus banksii macrorhynchus
  • Calyptorhynchus banksii naso
  • Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli
 Australia
Calyptorhynchus lathami Glossy black cockatoo
  • Calyptorhynchus lathami lathami
  • Calyptorhynchus lathami erebus
  • Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus
 eastern Australia.

Calyptorhynchus
Calyptorhynchus banksii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Cacatuidae
Subfamily: Calyptorhynchinae
Bonaparte, 1853
Genus: Calyptorhynchus
Desmarest, 1826
Species

Two

The yellow-tailed black cockatoo, Baudin's black cockatoo and Carnaby's black cockatoo were previously included in Calyptorhynchus as subgenus Zanda. However, based on genetic divergence Zanda was recognised as a genus and the three species transferred out of Calyptorhynchus.[4]

References
  1. Desmarest, Anselme Gaëtan (1826). "Parrots" [Parrots]. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature... [Dictionary of Natural Sciences, where all natural beings are treated methodically...] (in French). 39 (PEROQ–PHOQ). Strasbourg: F.G. Levrault. pp. 21, 117. OCLC 4345179.
  2. (Brown & Toft, 1999).
  3. White, Nicole E.; et al. (2011). "The evolutionary history of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 59 (3): 615–622. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.011. PMID 21419232.
  4. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (eds.). "Family Cacatuidae". IOC World Bird List. Version 10.2. International Ornithological Congress. Retrieved 10 August 2020.

Further reading
  • Astuti, Dwi (2004?): A phylogeny of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes) inferred from DNA sequences of the seventh intron of nuclear β-fibrinogen gene. Doctoral work, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan. PDF fulltext
  • Brown, D.M.; Toft, C.A. (1999). "Molecular systematics and biogeography of the cockatoos (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)". Auk. 116 (1): 141–157. doi:10.2307/4089461. JSTOR 4089461.
  • Higgins, P.J. (1999). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 4: Parrots to Dollarbird. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-553071-1.
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