Cardinal electors for the May 1605 papal conclave

The papal conclave of May 1605 was convened on the death of Pope Leo XI and ended with the election of Camillo Borghese as Pope Paul V on 16 May 1605. It was the second of two papal conclaves in 1605, with Leo dying on 27 April 1605, twenty-six days after he was elected in the March 1605 papal conclave.

Camillo Borghese, who had been considered too young for the papacy in the March 1605 conclave, was elected Pope Paul V on 16 May 1605.[1]

Pope Nicholas II had reserved the right to elect the pope to the cardinal bishops, priests, and deacons of Rome in 1059.[2] The cardinal bishops were the highest rank, being the bishops of the ancient suburbicarian dioceses. Cardinal priests ranked next, serving as the titular head of historically important churches in Rome. Last ranked the cardinal deacons, who were nominally assigned one of the ancient diaconia where traditionally deacons had administered the material possessions of the Church of Rome. Cardinals were required to have been ordained at least to the rank of their order within the College of Cardinals, but could also be ordained to a higher order.[3]

In 1586, Pope Sixtus V had mandated that the maximum number of cardinals be seventy.[4] Of these, the College of Cardinals had sixty-nine total members at the time of Clement VIII's death.[5][6] Following Leo's election, Girolamo Agucchi had also died on 27 April, the same day as Leo, reducing the total number of cardinals in the College by two.[7] The electors present had been created by six different popes: Pius IV, Gregory XIII, Sixtus V, Gregory XIV, Innocent IX, and Clement VIII. Clement's creations were the most numerous, as he had created thirty-nine of the cardinal electors. Innocent IX had created one of the conclave's electors, Gregory XIV had created five, Sixtus V had created eleven, Gregory XIII had created three, and Pius IV had created one.[8][lower-roman 1]

Cardinal electors

Fifty-nine total cardinals entered the conclave, and Paolo Emilio Zacchia and Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo participated in the conclave, assenting to the final vote, but did not enter the proceedings because they were sick.[9][10]

Domenico Toschi was one of the leading candidates in the May 1605 conclave, but ultimately failed to win election after Caesar Baronius objected to his use of vulgar language.[11]
Name Rank[9][lower-roman 2] Created cardinal by[8] Nationality Sources
Tolomeo Gallio Bishop Pius IV Italian [12]
François de Joyeuse Bishop Gregory XIII French [13]
Domenico Pinelli Bishop Sixtus V[lower-roman 3] Italian [14]
Girolamo Bernerio Bishop Sixtus V[lower-roman 3] Italian [14]
Agostino Valier Priest Gregory XIII Italian [15]
Antonio Maria Gallo Priest Sixtus V Italian [14]
Antonmaria Sauli Priest Sixtus V Italian [16]
Benedetto Giustiniani Priest Sixtus V Italian [17]
Giovanni Evangelista Pallotta Priest Sixtus V Italian [16]
Federico Borromeo Priest Sixtus V Italian [16]
Francesco Maria del Monte Priest Sixtus V Italian [16]
Gregorio Petrocchini Priest Sixtus V Italian [18]
Mariano Pierbenedetti Priest Sixtus V Italian [18]
Paolo Emilio Sfondrati Priest Gregory XIV Italian [19]
Ottavio Paravicini Priest Gregory XIV Italian [19]
Ottavio d'Aquaviva d'Aragona Priest Gregory XIV Italian [19]
Flaminio Piatti Priest Gregory XIV Italian [20]
Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti de Nuce[lower-roman 4] Priest Innocent IX Italian [21]
Pietro Aldobrandini Priest Clement VIII Italian [22]
Francesco Maria Tarugi Priest Clement VIII Italian [22]
Ottavio Bandini Priest Clement VIII Italian [22]
Anne d'Escars de Givry Priest Clement VIII French [22]
Giovanni Francesco Biandrate di San Giorgio Aldobrandini Priest Clement VIII Italian [23]
Camillo Borghese[lower-roman 5] Priest Clement VIII Italian [23]
Caesar Baronius Priest Clement VIII Italian [23]
Lorenzo Bianchetti Priest Clement VIII Italian [23]
Francisco de Ávila Priest Clement VIII Spanish [23]
Francesco Mantica Priest Clement VIII Italian [23]
Pompeio Arrigoni Priest Clement VIII Italian [23]
Bonifazio Bevilacqua Aldobrandini Priest Clement VIII Italian [23]
Alfonso Visconti Priest Clement VIII Italian [24]
Domenico Toschi Priest Clement VIII Italian [24]
Paolo Emilio Zacchia[lower-roman 6] Priest Clement VIII Italian [25]
Franz von Dietrichstein Priest Clement VIII German [24][26]
Robert Bellarmine Priest Clement VIII Italian [24]
François de Sourdis Priest Clement VIII French [24]
Séraphin Olivier-Razali Priest Clement VIII French [27]
Domenico Ginnasi Priest Clement VIII Italian [27]
Antonio Zapata y Cisneros Priest Clement VIII Spanish [27]
Filippo Spinelli Priest Clement VIII Italian [24]
Carlo Conti Priest Clement VIII Italian [24]
Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo[lower-roman 6] Priest Clement VIII German[lower-roman 7] [27]
Jacques Davy Duperron Priest Clement VIII French [24]
Innocenzo del Bufalo-Cancellieri Priest Clement VIII Italian [24]
Giovanni Delfino Priest Clement VIII Italian [24]
Giacomo Sannesio Priest Clement VIII Italian [5]
Girolamo Pamphili Priest Clement VIII Italian [5]
Ferdinando Taverna Priest Clement VIII Italian [5]
Anselmo Marzato Priest Clement VIII Italian [5]
Erminio Valenti Priest Clement VIII Italian [5]
Francesco Sforza Deacon Gregory XIII Italian [13]
Alessandro Peretti di Montalto Deacon Sixtus V Italian [28]
Odoardo Farnese Deacon Gregory XIV Italian [29]
Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini Deacon Clement VIII Italian [22]
Bartolomeo Cesi Deacon Clement VIII Italian [23]
Andrea Baroni Peretti Montalto Deacon Clement VIII Italian [23]
Alessandro d'Este Deacon Clement VIII Italian [24]
Giovanni Battista Deti Deacon Clement VIII Italian [24]
Silvestro Aldobrandini Deacon Clement VIII Italian [22]
Giovanni Andrea Doria Deacon Clement VIII Italian [5]
Carlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia Deacon Clement VIII Italian [5]

Notes
  1. Pastor attributes Bernerio and Pinelli as creations of Gregory XIII. Eubel counts them as being created by Sixtus V, and gives specific dates for their creations as cardinals. These numbers use Eubel and Gauchet's figures, and note where Pastor disagrees. See table for specific creations and sourcing.
  2. Refers to rank within the College of Cardinals, and is not reflective of whether or not the individual had been ordained or consecrated to other Holy Orders
  3. Pastor lists as a creation of Gregory XIII, but Eubel lists as created by Sixtus V.
  4. Not Pope Innocent IX, who was born with the same name and died in 1591
  5. Elected Pope Paul V.
  6. Did not physically enter the conclave for health reasons.
  7. Madruzzo was bishop of Trent, in modern Italy. Gauchat classifies him as German, and does not simply list the city as he does for Italians.

Citations
  1. Hsia 2005, p. 99.
  2. Pattenden 2017, p. 14.
  3. Encyclopædia Britannica 1911, pp. 321–322.
  4. Pattenden 2017, p. 18.
  5. Gauchat 1960, p. 8.
  6. Freiherr von Pastor 1952, p. 4.
  7. Freiherr von Pastor 1952, pp. 28-29.
  8. Freiherr von Pastor 1952, p. 5.
  9. Gauchat 1960, p. 9.
  10. Freiherr von Pastor 1952, p. 28.
  11. Martinich 1999, p. 35.
  12. Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 40.
  13. Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 47.
  14. Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 51.
  15. Gauchat 1960, p. 47.
  16. Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 52.
  17. Squarzina 1997, p. 766.
  18. Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 53.
  19. Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 54.
  20. Giannini 2015.
  21. Cardella 1793, p. 324.
  22. Gauchat 1960, p. 4.
  23. Gauchat 1960, p. 5.
  24. Gauchat 1960, p. 6.
  25. Herbermann et al. 1913, p. 529.
  26. Freiherr von Pastor 1952, p. 13.
  27. Gauchat 1960, p. 7.
  28. Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 50.
  29. The British Museum.

References
  • Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). Behind Locked Doors. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-29463-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • "Cardinal Odoardo Farnese (Biographical details)". The British Museum. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  • Cardella, Lorenzo (1793). Memorie storiche de' cardinali della santa romana Chiesa [Memories of the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church] (in Italian). V. Rome: Stamperia Pagliarini. OCLC 42022804.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Freiherr von Pastor, Ludwig (1952) [1899]. Graf, Ernest (ed.). The History of the Popes. XXV. London: B. Herder Book Co. OCLC 221543126.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. V (11 ed.). Cambridge: University Press. 1911.
  • Eubel, Konrad; van Gulik, Wilhelm (1913). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi [The Catholic Hierarchy of the Middle and Recent Ages] (in Latin). 3. Monasterii Sumptibus et typis librariae Regensbergianae. OCLC 55180223.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Giannini, Massimo Carlo (2015). "Piatti, Flaminio". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani [The Italian Biographical Dictionary] (in Italian). 83.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Gauchat, Patrick (1960). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi [The Catholic Hierarchy of the Middle and Recent Ages] (in Latin). 4. Monasterii Sumptibus et typis librariae Regensbergianae. OCLC 55180223.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward Aloysius; Pallen, Condé Bénoist; Shahan, Thomas Joseph; Wynne, John Joseph (1913). The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church. 10. Encyclopedia Press.
  • Hsia, R. Po-Chia (2005). The World of Catholic Renewal, 1540–1770. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84154-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Martinich, A.P. (1999). Hobbes: A Biography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521495837.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Pattenden, Miles (2017). Electing the Pope in early modern Italy, 1450–1700. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-879744-9. OCLC 980220999.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Squarzina, Silvia Danesi (1997). "The Collections of Cardinal Benedetto Giustiniani. Part I". The Burlington Magazine. 139 (1136): 766–791. JSTOR 887781.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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