Carolus Niellius

Carolus Niellius (Charles de Nielles) (1576 – 1652) was a Dutch Remonstrant minister.

Carolus Niellius, engraving c. 1652.

Early life

His father was Charles de Nielles the elder, from Tournai, a Reformed minister who worked in Antwerp and Wesel, and ended his life in 1604 at the Walloon church in Hanau.[1][2] The son was born at Wesel,[3] and came in 1604 from Cologne to Utrecht as a preacher, on the invitation of Anthoine L'Empereur.[4][5] His brother Henricus Niellius was another Remonstrant, whose widow married Simon Episcopius.[6][7]

The period of the Synod of Dort

In 1615 Niellius defended Simon Goulart the Younger to the Walloon Consistorium of Amsterdam. Goulart was accused of heterodox theological views. The defence was unsuccessful.[4]

Niellius was one of the Remonstrants summoned to the 1618 Synod of Dort (Dordrecht), set up to decide on the divisive theological issues in the Dutch Reformed Church.[8] At the Synod, Niellius protested at the end of the 57th session, which expelled the Remonstrants there from further participation.[9] He is now represented in one of the stained glass windows in the Grote Kerk, in Dordrecht.[10]

In exile

After he was dismissed in February 1619 by the Utrecht authorities from his post, Niellius was banished on 6 July from Waalwijk.[4] He took part in the expatriate Remonstrant Brotherhood founded by Nicolaas Grevinckhoven, Johannes Wtenbogaert, Johannes Arnoldi Corvinus and others.[11] With Willem Lomannus he looked into the opportunity offered in Holstein for the foundation of a Remonstrant settlement.[4]

In prison

With Eduardus Poppius he was betrayed and arrested in January 1623 in Haarlem;[4] and he was imprisoned in Loevestein from 1623 to 1631.[12] Poppius died there. On 19 July 1631 the group of Remonstrant ministers in the castle were in effect released, with an arrangement that they were to be allowed to escape. The reconstruction of a Remonstrant church followed shortly in The Hague.[13] The other six released with Niellius were: Theodorus Boomius (Dirk Boom), Simon Lucae Bysterus, Petrus Cupus, Arnoldus Geesteranus, Paulus Lindenius, and Bernardus Vezekius.[14]

In Amsterdam

Niellius returned to the service of the Remonstrants, and was employed from 1 March 1632 in Amsterdam. He took on inspection of churches, and the supervision and instruction of Remonstrant students. When Simon Episcopius died, Étienne de Courcelles eventually succeeded him, in the chair at the Remonstrant seminary; but there was a transitional committee including Niellius who eventually retired, with Albertus Huttenus and Bartholomaeus Praevostius.[15]

Works

He translated into French as Balance pour peser en toute équité the anonymous pamphlet in Dutch Weegh-Schael (1617, by Jacobus Taurinus). It was an attack on Sir Dudley Carleton's intervention in the politics of the Netherlands on the side of the contra-Remonstrants and Maurice of Nassau. Niellius added a satirical introduction and portrait of Carleton.[16]

When Fabrice de la Bassecour succeeded Simon Goulart the Younger as pastor at the Walloon church in Amsterdam, it was by attacking Goulart on theological grounds (1616).[17] In return Niellius published a crude Vérification against Bassecour, in 1618.[4]

Notes
  1. GAMEO page.
  2. Eugène Haag, Émile Haag, La France Protestante (1886), col. 233; archive.org
  3. https://archive.org/stream/bulletindelacom06unkngoog#page/n22/mode/2up
  4. de:s: ADB:Niëllius, Karl
  5. Peter T. van Rooden, Theology, Biblical Scholarship, and Rabbinical Studies in the Seventeenth Century: Constantijn L'Empereur (1591-1648), professor of Hebrew and theology at Leiden (1989), p. 19; Google Books.
  6. Mark A. Ellis, Simon Episcopius' Doctrine of Original Sin (2006), p. 38; Google Books.
  7. (in Dutch) Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius. Deel 8 (ed. B.L. Meulenbroek); note 2 on page.
  8. (in Dutch) NNBW article.
  9. Charles Butler, The Life of Hugo Grotius (2007 reprint), p. 56; Google Books.
  10. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-10-07. Retrieved 2011-12-05.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. (in German) de:s:ADB:Episcopius, Simon
  12. (in Dutch) Biografisch lexicon voor de geschiedenis van het Nederlands protestantisme.
  13. Willem Nijenhuis, Ecclesia reformata: Studies on the Reformation (1994), p. 150; Google Books.
  14. (in Dutch) Correspondence of Hugo Grotius, note 5.
  15. Toon Houdt, Self-presentation and Social Identification: the rhetoric and pragmatics of letter writing in early modern times (2002), p. 249 note 7; Google Books.
  16. Anthony Milton, The British Delegation and the Synod of Dort (1618-1619) (2005), p. 63; Google Books.
  17. Rénier Chalon, Fabrice de la Bassecourt, pasteur de l'Eglise Wallonne d'Amsterdam (1857), p. 12; Google Books.
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