Carr's

In 1831, Carr formed a small bakery and biscuit factory in the English city of Carlisle; he received a royal warrant in 1841.[1] Within fifteen years of being founded, it was the largest baking business in Britain.[2] His business was both a mill and a bakery, an early example of vertical integration, and he produced bread by night and biscuits by day.[3] The biscuits were loosely based on dry biscuits used on long voyages by sailors.[3] They could be kept crisp and fresh in tins, and despite their fragility could easily be transported to other parts of the country by canal and railway.[3]

Jonathan Carr protested against the Corn Laws, which imposed steep tariffs on imported wheat, keeping the price of British wheat artificially high. This meant that bread was expensive, even in times of famine.[4] Carr died in 1884, but by 1885, the company made 128 varieties of biscuit and employed 1000 workers.[5]

In 1894 the company was registered as Carr and Co. Ltd. but reverted to a private company in 1908, and Carrs Flour Mills Limited was incorporated after acquiring the flour milling assets.[5][2] Jonathan's four sons were less skilled at managing the business, but biscuit production remained in the family until 1931. It later became part of Cavenham Foods until 1971 when it came under the ownership of McVitie's, part of the United Biscuits group.[3] United Biscuits was sold by its private equity owners to the Turkish based multinational Yıldız Holding in 2014, in 2016 all UB brands including Carr’s were combined with Yildiz’s other snack brands to form pladis.

Among the members of the Carr family who worked for the business was former Commando Capt Richard Carr MBE, who was decorated for repeated escape attempts from Italian and German PW camps during the Second World War.[6]

McVities/ Carr factory in Carlisle.

Since 1972 the Carr's biscuit factory has been part of United Biscuits, and the Carr's branded products are marketed in the US by Kellogg's. The factory today is known officially as McVitie's but still known locally as Carr's.

Carr's Flour Mills and the later established agricultural supplies and feeds businesses became Carr's Milling Industries plc, which is still based in Carlisle and now known as Carr's Group PLC. Its products have since the 1990s appeared in UK supermarkets through their Carr's Breadmaker flour range. Carr's Group also own companies involved in light engineering.[2] In 2016 Carr's Group sold the flour milling division to Whitworths.

In 2005 the Caldewgate factory in Carlisle lost two months production due to flooding. In 2016 the local newspaper the News and Star stated that it had been reopened with a £1 million Government grant.[7]

In March 2012, it was announced that Carr's Table Water Biscuits had lost their royal warrant due to 'changing tastes' in the Royal Households.[8] Carr's promptly licensed the coat of arms of the City of Carlisle to replace the coat of royal arms on their packaging.

In January 2016 United Biscuits announced that the factory in Caldewgate, Carlisle, had experienced 5 feet of floodwater on 6 December which damaged the brick ovens and would result in product shortages on retail shelves.[7][9] After closing the works for one month to repair and clear flood damage, production and distribution gradually resumed in spring 2016.[10]

• List of crackers
• List of Former Royal Warrant holders of the British Royal Family

• Carr's US brand website
• Carr's Flour Mills site
• Carr's Breadmaker Flour site
• Carr's Milling Industries plc corporate site