Cenchrus pennisetiformis

Cenchrus pennisetiformis, commonly known in Australia as the Cloncurry, white or slender buffel grass, is a species of grass in the genus Cenchrus. It is native to parts of East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent, and has been introduced to some other parts of the world as a drought-tolerant forage crop.

Cenchrus pennisetiformis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Genus: Cenchrus
Species:
C. pennisetiformis
Binomial name
Cenchrus pennisetiformis
Hochst. & Steud.
Synonyms
  • Cenchrus ciliaris var. intermedius Chiov.
  • Pennisetum pennisetiforme (Hochst. & Steud. ex Steud.)

Description

Cenchrus pennisetiformis is an annual or perennial bunchgrass, sometimes spreading by means of stolons. The stems are sometimes branched and are up to 70 cm (28 in) high. The leaf blades are flat, 3 to 20 cm (1 to 8 in) long by 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) wide, and the inflorescences 2 to 10 cm (1 to 4 in) long by 6 to 9 mm (0.24 to 0.35 in) wide, not including the soft bristles. The outer bristles are short and slender and the inner ones rather broader and some 7 to 15 mm (0.3 to 0.6 in) long.[1]

Distribution

Cenchrus pennisetiformis is native to East Africa where it is found in Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya, and to western Asia, where it occurs in Southern Iran, Yemen, India and Pakistan.[2] It is naturalised in northwestern Australia, where it has spread along the banks of watercourses replacing native species of grass.[3] It is also found in the Mediterranean region, Myanmar and Sri Lanka, although it is unclear whether it is native to these areas or has been naturalised.[2]

Cultivation and use

C. pennisetiformis is a grass suited to growing in arid and semi-arid environments because it remains green and palatable even in the dry season. It grows best on light sandy or silty soils, in either full sun or partial shade, but cannot tolerate heavy, cracking clays. It can withstand moderate frosts and will survive temporary flooding.[2]

In Pakistan there are areas with very low rainfall (under 12 cm (5 in) annually), saline soils and a shortage of water for irrigation. Several species of grasses including C. pennisetiformis, Diplachne fusca, Panicum turgidum and Pennisetum divisum are able to provide good grazing for livestock and even dairy enterprises in these areas. Research has shown that C. pennisetiformis and P. turgidum produce the most forage under drought conditions, and are able to tolerate moderate levels of salinity in the subsoil groundwater, and irrigation with this brackish water.[4]

References
  1. Jessop, John Peter; Dashorst, Gilbert Roelof Maria; James, Fiona M. (2006). Grasses of South Australia: An Illustrated Guide to the Native and Naturalised Species. Wakefield Press. pp. 435–436. ISBN 978-1-86254-694-3.
  2. "Cenchrus pennisetiformis". Tropical forages. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  3. Wickens, G.E.; Field, David. V.; Goodin, Joe R. (2012). Plants for Arid Lands: Proceedings of the Kew International Conference on Economic Plants for Arid Lands held in the Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, 23–27 July 1984. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 154. ISBN 978-94-011-6830-4.
  4. Öztürk, Münir; Waisel, Yoav; Khan, M. Ajman; Görk, Güven (2007). Biosaline Agriculture and Salinity Tolerance in Plants. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 15–. ISBN 978-3-7643-7610-9.
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