Central American reunification

The Central American reunification, sometimes called Central Americanism, is the idea of restoring the political unity of the countries of Central America (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica), as they historically had in particular during the existence of the United Provinces of Central America. At the moment it is followed mainly by groups and political parties of extreme left and internationalist ideology. It should not be confused with the Central American integration process, which is a diplomatic initiative similar to that of the European Union.

Currently the civil organization Movimiento Ciudadano para la Integración Centroamericana (Citizen Movement for Central American Integration) founded in 2014 actively seeks Central American reunification, having chapters in Guatemala, Honduras (in addition to some local chapters), Nicaragua, El Salvador and in the Central American diaspora (United States, Spain, Italy and Australia) but not in Costa Rica. These chapters are known as "state councils".

History

Attempts to restore the Federal Republic of Central America have existed since its dissolution. One of the best known cases was when the liberal Guatemalan President Justo Rufino Barrios, with the support of Honduras and the United States, tried to re-establish the Central American Federation in the so-called Intentona de Barrios (Barrios' Attempt), but that ended with his death in the Battle of Chalchuapa.[1]

During the 20th century, it was mainly leftist forces that would propose the reunification of Central America into a single political unit. In 1925, the Central American Socialist Party was founded in Guatemala by Farabundo Martí and other Salvadorans in exile, and would later also operate as the Central American Communist Party. In the 1970s, the Central American Workers' Revolutionary Party, particularly active in El Salvador and Honduras, would emerge.[1]

On September 12, 1946, a meeting of heads of state took place in Santa Ana, El Salvador, where the Santa Ana Agreement between El Salvador and Guatemala was signed. The two countries agreed to study the conditions that will allow the political unity of Central America through a Commission composed of three persons appointed by each of the governments subscribed to the agreement.[2] The agreement was left open for the accession of Costa Rica, Honduras and Nicaragua. This was ratified by El Salvador on November 19.[3]

Some of the parties that still actively propose Central American reunification are the Movement to Socialism of Honduras, the new Central American Socialist Party and the Workers' Party of Costa Rica,[4][5][6] all of which are Trotskyist.

Today
Flag Arms Name Capital Area(km²) Population in 2019 [7] GDP Nominal Estimate (2019) [7] GDP PPP Estimate (2017)[8] GDP (PPP) per capita (2019)[9]
Costa Rica San José 51,100 5,047,561 $61.774 Billion $83.852 Billion $20,434.4
El Salvador San Salvador 21,041 6,453,553 $27.023 Billion $56.991 Billion $9,139.7
Guatemala Guatemala City 108,889 16,604,026 $76.710 Billion $137.804 Billion $8,995.5
Honduras Tegucigalpa 112,492 9,746,117 $25.095 Billion $46.198 Billion $5,965.4
Nicaragua Managua 130,375 6,545,502 $12.521 Billion $36.382 Billion $5,631.2
Total 423,897 44,396,759 $203.123 Billion $361.227 Billion $8136.3

See also

References
  1. de la Cruz, Vladimir (2004). Las luchas sociales en Costa Rica, 1870-1930. ISBN 9789977678672.
  2. "Editorial" (PDF). Diario Oficial (Tomo 141 Número 205). San Salvador. 16 September 1946. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  3. "Poder Legislativo" (PDF). Diario Oficial (Tomo 141 Número 267). San Salvador. 3 December 1946. p. 3813. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  4. http://www.izquierda.info/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=6260
  5. http://www.elsoca.org/pdf/esca/Cuaderno%20No%2022-Manifiesto-PSOCA.pdf
  6. https://web.archive.org/web/20141229001454/http://www.semanariouniversidad.ucr.cr/noticias/pais/11896-hector-monestel-no-aparecemos-en-encuestas-pero-estamos-penetrando.html
  7. http://data.worldbank.org/country
  8. "Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects (PPP valuation of country GDP)". IMF. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  9. PPP (current international $)", World Development Indicators database, World Bank. Database updated on 1 July 2017. Accessed on 2 July 2017.
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