Chaetothyriales
Chaetothyriales is an order of ascomycetous fungi within the class Eurotiomycetes and within the subphylum Pezizomycotina. A disease entity that is largely confined to Chaetothyriales is primary cerebral infection in immunocompromised or immunocompetent individuals, i.e., cerebritis in which the first symptoms of disease are of a neurologic nature. Hyphal elements that show melanization either directly or after Fontana-Masson staining are observed in abscesses in the brain parenchyma. The portal of entry may be the lung, but frequently symptoms are confined to the brain. Five species account for most nontraumatic brain infections. Cladophialophora bantiana has caused about one-third of the cases in otherwise healthy individuals.
| Chaetothyriales | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Fonsecaea pedrosoi | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Eurotiomycetes |
| Subclass: | Chaetothyriomycetidae |
| Order: | Chaetothyriales M.E. Barr 1987 |
| Families | |
Chaetothyriales genus informations:
Cladophialophora
arxii bantiana boppii carrionii devriesii emmonsii modesta mycetomatis samoënsis saturnica
Catenate (in chains), dry conidia and an absence of differentiated conidiophores characterize Cladophialophora. This genus contains 10 pathogenic species (written above), 7 of which are almost exclusively known from humans and other warmblooded animals. The most significant species are Cladophialophora bantiana and C. carrionii. C. bantiana, a remarkable neurotropic mould, is recognizable by very long, coherent, poorly branched conidial chains and by an ability to grow at 40°C. C. carrionii is a common agent of chromoblastomycosis, with small conidia in profusely branched chains.
Exophiala
asiatica attenuata bergeri dermatitidis jeanselmei oligosperma phaeomuriformis spinifera xenobiotica
Fonsecaea
monophora nubica multimorphosa pedrosoi
The four species known characterized by conidia produced in chains of maximally four, are all human pathogens. In culture, Fonsecaea species mostly have one morphological form, but they may produce additional phialides with collarettes releasing balls of one-celled conidia. No budding cells are produced on routine media. Fonsecaea pedrosoi (Fig. 2, including the mutant F. compacta) is one of the etiologic agents of human chromoblastomycosis. The other agents of this disease, F. monophora (1) and F. nubica (2), are morphologically indistinguishable. F. multimorphosa was described from a cerebral infection in a cat (3).
Phialophora
americana europaea verrucosa
Rhinocladiella
mackenziei basitona aquaspersa similis
References
- Alexopolous, C.J.; Mims, Charles W.; Blackwell, M. (2004). Introductory Mycology (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-52229-4.
- 1-de Hoog GS, Attili-Angelis D, Vicente VA, Queiroz-
Telles F. 2004. Molecular ecology and pathogenic potential of Fonsecaea species. Med Mycol 42:405–416.
- 2-Najafzadeh MJ, Sun J, Vicente VA, Xi LY, Gerrits van
den Ende AHG, de Hoog GS. 2010. Fonsecaea nubica, a new species of agent of human chromoblastomycosis revealed using molecular data. Med Mycol 48:800–806.
- 3-Najafzadeh MJ, Vicente VA, Sun J, Meis JF, de Hoog GS.
2011. Fonsecaea multimorphosa sp. nov., a new opportunistic species of Chaetothyriales isolated from feline cerebral abscess. Fungal Biol 115:1066–1076.