Charles Sandys

Charles Sandys FSA (1786–1859) was an English antiquarian and member of the Sandys family. He was an early member of the British Archaeological Association and fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. He composed several works on the history of his home county, Kent, and the Canterbury Cathedral, including: a criticism of Robert Willis' history of the cathedral, a petition of the cathedral's lay clerks for higher wages, and a history of Kentish customs.

Early life and Sandys family

Charles Sandys was born on 26 October 1786, to a Canterbury solicitor, Edwin Humphrey Sandys, and his second wife, Helen. On his father's side, he was born into the Sandys family, and so traces his lineage back as a direct descendant of Edwin Sandys, Archbishop of York (1576–1588), according to Burke's Landed Gentry. His mother was the heiress of Edward, Lord Chick.[1][2][3] The Sandys family later took a prominent part in the colonization of Virginia.[4]

Antiquarian career

While in Canterbury, Sandys became a keen antiquarian, especially relating to those antiquities of the historic county of Kent. In 1844, he became an early member of the British Archaeological Association, out of an interest in Kentish archeology.[3] In 1845, he presented an impression of a brass seal, from the time of Edward III, on 23 December.[5] The following year, he published his first book, A Critical Dissertation on Professor Willis's "Architectural History of Canterbury Cathedral" (1846). The work was dedicated to upholding William Gostling's view of the structural history of Canterbury Cathedral, against Robert Willis' "fanciful hypothesis", that the cathedral was almost entirely built in Archbishop Lanfranc's time, after the Norman conquest.[6] J. G. Waller (in the Journal of the British Archeological Association) reviewed it favourably, claiming it "is exceeding useful and will be read with profit by all who feel interested in the metropolitan church of Canterbury", praising it for correctly pointing out flaws in Willis' work.[7] Modern biographer of Willis, Alexandrina Buchanan, has taken a less positive view of the work, declaring that "in reality, it was Sandys who was guilty as charged [in making incorrect historical deductions], though Willis did not condescend to make this point".[6]

In the 1846 third Annual Congress of the British Archaeological Association, then held in Gloucestershire, Sandys presented a paper, entitled "On the Celtic of Ancient British Mound, called 'The Dane-John Hill', at Canterbury", on the particulars of the local mound.[3][8] The same year, on 18 June, he was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries[3] In 1848, he edited and introduced The Memorial and Case of the Clerici-Laici or Lay-Clerks of Canterbury Cathedral, a petition from the lay clerks of Canterbury Cathedral, to the Lord John Russell, asking for greater wages in comparison to the minor canons.[2][9]

Sandys composed a brief manuscript history of Reculver, Kent, from the Roman occupation to Henry VIII's reign. This was included by C. Roach Smith in his History and Antiquities of Richborough, Reculver, and Lymne (1850), and the manuscript is now held in the library of Canterbury Cathedral.[2] In 1851, Sandys composed Consuetudines Kanciae: A History of Gavelkind and other Remarkable Customs in the County of Kent, described by his ODNB biographer, Shirley Burgoyne Black, as "his principal work".[3] In his conclusion to the work, Sandys patriotically summed it up as "conduct[ing] the reader to the primeval fountains of historic truth, — to the pure sources of the English Constitution. And thus have we attempted to pourtray, in vivid contrast, the conflicting elements of Saxon liberty and Norman despotism"; wishing the reader to "dr[i]nk deeply of the gushing tide of patriotism".[10]

Personal life and death

In 1808, Sandys became a solicitor, and took up a practise in Canterbury, Kent, which he continued until 1857. Here, he married Sedley Frances Burdett on 27 May 1815. Together, they had multiple children. In 1857, Sandys came across financial difficulty and travelled abroad, where, in 1859, at the age of 73, he died.[2][3]

References
  1. Burke, Bernard (1879). A genealogical and heraldic history of the landed gentry of Great Britain & Ireland. 2. p. 1414.
  2. Goodwin, Gordon (1897). "Sandys, Charles" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 50. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  3. Black, Shirley Burgoyne (2004). "Sandys, Charles". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/24648. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. Pleasants, J. Hall (April 1921). "The Lovelace Family and Its Connections: Sandys of Furnace Fells, Lancashire". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 29 (2): 227–243. JSTOR 4243817.
  5. [Various] (1847). "December 23". Journal of the British Archaeological Association. 2: 362-4.
  6. Buchanan, Alexandrina (2013). Robert Willis (1800-1875) and the Foundation of Architectural History. History of the University of Cambridge: Texts and Studies. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 177. ISBN 9781843838005.
  7. Waller, J. G. (1847). "[Review of] "A Critical Dissertation on Professor Willis's 'Architectural History of Canterbury Cathedral'"". Journal of the British Archaeological Association. 2: 218.
  8. Sandys, Charles (1846). "On the Celtic of Ancient British Mound, called "The Dane-John Hill", at Canterbury". Transactions of the British Archaeological Association. 3: 136–148.
  9. Sandys, Charles, ed. (1848). The Memorial and Case of the Clerici-Laici or Lay-Clerks of Canterbury Cathedral. London: John Russell Smith. pp. 8–10.
  10. Sandys, Charles (1851). Consuetudines Kanciae: A History of Gavelkind, and Other Remarkable Customs in the County of Kent. p. 307.

Further reading
  • Vivian, Comley (1907). Sandys, T. M. (ed.). Some Notes for a History of the "Sandys" Family of Great Britain, Ireland, and the (former) Colony of Virginia. London.
  • Sandys, E. S. (1930). History of the Family of Sandys of Cumberland: Afterwards of Furness in North Lancashire, and its branches in other parts of England and in Ireland. Barrow-in-Furness: Barrow Print. Co.
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