Chief Justice of the Common Pleas

The chief justice of the Common Pleas was the head of the Court of Common Pleas, also known as the Common Bench or Common Place, which was the second-highest common law court in the English legal system until 1875, when it, along with the other two common law courts and the equity and probate courts, became part of the High Court of Justice. As such, the chief justice of the Common Pleas was one of the highest judicial officials in England, behind only the Lord High Chancellor and the Lord Chief Justice of England, who headed the Queen's Bench (King's when the monarch was male).

John Coleridge, the last Chief Justice of the Common Pleas

History

Initially, the position of Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was not an appointment; of the justices serving in the court, one would become more respected than his peers, and was therefore considered the "chief" justice.

The position was formalised in 1272, with the raising of Sir Gilbert of Preston to Chief Justice, and from then on, it was a formally-appointed role, similar to the positions of Lord Chief Justice and Chief Baron of the Exchequer.[1] When the High Court was created in 1875, each of the three common law courts became separate divisions of it, each headed by the person who had led the respective court before the merger.

When the Lord Chief Justice and Chief Baron died in 1880, the three common law divisions (Queen's Bench, Exchequer, and Common Pleas) were merged, and John Coleridge, the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, became Lord Chief Justice, and the offices of Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and Chief Baron were abolished.[2]

Chief justices of the Common Pleas

Portrait Name Term as Chief Justice Reason for termination[3]
Simon of Pattishall 1190–1214 Died
Martin of Pattishall 1217–1229 Retired
Sir Thomas of Moulton 1229–1233 Resigned to travel an Eyre circuit
William de Raley 1233–1234 Appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench
Sir Thomas of Moulton 1234–1236 Retired
Robert of Lexinton 1236–1244 Retired
Henry of Bath 1245–1249 Stripped of his position after accusations of perverting the course of justice
Roger of Thirkleby 1249–1256 Replaced
Henry of Bath 1256–1258 Retired
Roger of Thirkleby 1258–1260 Died
Sir Gilbert of Preston 1260–1267 Resigned to travel an Eyre circuit
Martin of Littlebury 1267–1272 Replaced
Sir Gilbert of Preston 1272–1274 Died
Roger of Seaton 1274–1278 Retired
Sir Thomas Weyland 1278–1289 Removed from his position and exiled
Sir Ralph Sandwich 1289–1290 Resigned
John of Mettingham 1290–1301 Died
Ralph de Hengham 1301–1309 Retired
Sir William Bereford 1309–1326 Died
Hervey de Stanton 1326 Not reappointed by Edward III
Sir William Herle 1327–1329 Resigned to travel an Eyre circuit
Sir John Stonor 1329–1331 Not reappointed by Edward III
Sir William Herle 1331–1333 Resigned to travel an Eyre circuit
Sir Henry le Scrope 1333 Replaced
Sir William Herle 1333–1335 Retired
Sir Sir John Stonor 1335–1341 Removed
Sir Sir Roger Hillary 1341–1342 Replaced
Sir Sir John Stonor 1342–1354 Retired
Sir Sir Roger Hillary 1354–1356 Died
Sir Robert Thorpe 1356–1371 Appointed Lord Chancellor
Sir William Fyncheden 1371–1374 Died
Sir Robert Bealknap 1374–1388 Exiled
Sir Robert Charleton 1388–1395 Died
William Thirning 1396–1413 Died
Richard Norton 1413–1420 Died
Sir William Babington 1423–1436 Retired
Sir John Juyn 9 February 143620 January 1439 Appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench
John Cottesmore 20 January 143929 August 1439 Died
Sir Richard Newton 17 September 143913 December 1448 Died
Sir John Prysot 16 January 14491461 Died
Sir Robert Danby 11 May 14611471 Not reappointed by Edward IV
Sir Thomas Bryan 147114 August 1500 Died
Sir Thomas Wode 28 October 150031 August 1502 Died
Sir Thomas Frowyk 30 September 15027 October 1506 Died
Sir Robert Rede 15067 January 1519 Died
Sir John Ernley 27 January 151922 April 1520 Died
Sir Robert Brudenell 23 April 152022 November 1530 Retired
Sir Robert Norwich 22 November 1530April 1535 Died
Sir John Baldwin 19 April 153524 October 1545 Died
Sir Edward Montagu 6 November 15451553 Retired
Sir Richard Morgan September 15531554 Removed after going insane
Sir Robert Broke 15546 September 1558 Died
Anthony Browne 5 October 1558January 1559 Appointed a justice of the Queen's Bench
Sir James Dyer January 155924 March 1582 Died
Sir Edmund Anderson 2 May 15821 August 1605 Died
Sir Francis Gawdy August 160515 December 1605 Died
Sir Edward Coke 30 June 160625 October 1613 Appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench
Sir Henry Hobart, Bt 26 November 161329 December 1625 Died
Sir Thomas Richardson 22 November 1626October 1631 Appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench
Sir Robert Heath October 163113 September 1634 Dismissed
Sir John Finch 16 October 16341640 Appointed Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
Sir Edward Littleton 27 January 164018 January 1641 Appointed Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
Sir John Bankes 29 January 164128 December 1644 Died
Oliver St John 1 October 16481660 Excluded from public office following the Restoration
Sir Orlando Bridgeman, Bt 22 October 1660May 1668 Appointed Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
Sir John Vaughan 23 May 166810 December 1674 Died
Sir Francis North 23 January 167520 December 1682 Appointed Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
Sir Francis Pemberton January 1683September 1683 Dismissed
Sir Thomas Jones 29 September 168321 April 1686 Dismissed
Sir Henry Bedingfield 21 April 16866 February 1687 Died
Robert Wright 13 April 168718 April 1687 Exchanged with Edward Herbert for the position of Chief Justice of the King's Bench
Sir Edward Herbert 18 April 16871689 Dismissed after fleeing to Ireland with James II
Sir Henry Pollexfen 6 May 168915 June 1691 Died
Sir George Treby 30 April 169213 December 1700 Died
Sir Thomas Trevor
(Lord Trevor from 1712)
5 July 170114 October 1714 Not reappointed by George I
Sir Peter King 27 October 17141 June 1725 Appointed Lord Chancellor
Sir Robert Eyre 172528 December 1735 Died
Sir Thomas Reeve 26 January 173619 January 1737 Died
Sir John Willes 28 January 173715 December 1761 Died
Sir Charles Pratt
(Lord Camden from 1765)
January 176230 July 1766 Appointed Lord Chancellor
Sir John Eardley Wilmot 20 August 176626 January 1771 Resigned
Sir William de Grey January 1771June 1780 Resigned
The Lord Loughborough June 178028 January 1793 Appointed Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
Sir James Eyre 11 February 17931 July 1799 Died
The Lord Eldon 17 July 17991801 Appointed Lord Chancellor
The Lord Alvanley 22 May 180119 March 1804 Died
Sir James Mansfield 24 April 180421 February 1814 Resigned
Sir Vicary Gibbs February 1814November 1818 Resigned
Sir Robert Dallas November 18181824 Retired
The Lord Gifford 9 January 18245 April 1824 Appointed Master of the Rolls
Sir William Best 15 April 1824June 1829 Retired
Sir Nicholas Conyngham Tindal 9 June 18296 July 1846 Died
Sir Thomas Wilde 6 July 184615 July 1850 Appointed Lord Chancellor
Sir John Jervis 16 July 18501 November 1856 Died
Sir Alexander Cockburn, Bt November 185624 June 1859 Appointed Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench
Sir William Erle June 1859November 1866 Retired
Sir William Bovill November 18661 November 1873 Died
Sir John Coleridge
(Lord Coleridge from 1874)
November 187320 November 1880 Court merged with the Court of Queen's Bench and the Exchequer of Pleas; became the first Lord Chief Justice of a unified Queen's Bench Division.[2]

Peerages created for the Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas

Since the Act of Union 1707
Lord Chief JusticeTitleCreatedCurrent statusOther Judicial Roles
Sir Thomas Trevor Baron Trevor Extinct 9 September 1824 None
Sir Peter King Baron King Extinct 31 January 2018 Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Sir Charles Pratt Earl Camden Extant Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Baron Camden
Sir William de Grey Baron Walsingham Extant None
Sir Alexander Wedderburn Earl of Rosslyn Extant Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Baron Loughborough Extant
Baron Loughborough Extinct 2 January 1805
Sir John Scott Earl of Eldon Extant Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Baron Eldon
Sir Richard Arden Baron Alvanley Extinct 24 June 1857 Master of the Rolls
Sir Robert Gifford Baron Gifford Extant Master of the Rolls
Sir William Best Baron Wynford Extant None
Sir Thomas Wilde Baron Truro Extinct 8 March 1899 Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Sir John Coleridge Baron Coleridge Extant Lord Chief Justice of England

Legacy

The Wetherspoon pub in Keswick, Cumbria is named "The Chief Justice of the Common Pleas".

References

  1. Kiralfy, p. 121
  2. Lord Mackay of Clashfern (ed.) (2002) Halsbury's Laws of England, 4th ed. Vol.10 (Reissue), "Courts", 603 'Divisions of the High Court'
  3. "Oxford DNB theme:Chief Justices of the Common Pleas (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. Retrieved 2008-10-21.

Bibliography

  • Kiralfy, A. K. R. (1962). Potter's Historical Introduction to English Law and Its Institutions. London: Sweet & Maxwell, Ltd.

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