Chimnyu of Baekje

Chimnyu of Baekje (died 385) (r. 384–385) was the fifteenth king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.[1]

Chimnyu of Baekje
Hangul
침류왕
Hanja
枕流王
Revised RomanizationChimnyu-wang
McCune–ReischauerCh'imnyu-wang
Monarchs of Korea
Baekje
  1. Onjo 18 BCE–28 CE
  2. Daru 28–77
  3. Giru 77–128
  4. Gaeru 128–166
  5. Chogo 166–214
  6. Gusu 214–234
  7. Saban 234
  8. Goi 234–286
  9. Chaekgye 286–298
  10. Bunseo 298–304
  11. Biryu 304–344
  12. Gye 344–346
  13. Geunchogo 346–375
  14. Geungusu 375–384
  15. Chimnyu 384–385
  16. Jinsa 385–392
  17. Asin 392–405
  18. Jeonji 405–420
  19. Guisin 420–427
  20. Biyu 427–455
  21. Gaero 455–475
  22. Munju 475–477
  23. Samgeun 477–479
  24. Dongseong 479–501
  25. Muryeong 501–523
  26. Seong 523–554
  27. Wideok 554–598
  28. Hye 598–599
  29. Beop 599–600
  30. Mu 600–641
  31. Uija 641–660

Background

He was the eldest son of the 14th king, Geungusu and Lady Ai of the Jin clan.[2] He became king upon Geungusu's death in 384 which was the 10th year of his reign.[3]

Reign

Samguk Sagi:

  • 384 AD, autumn, seventh month. Messengers were dispatched to the Jin court with tribute. Ninth month. The western monk Malananda came from Jin. The king received him, and kept him in the palace. All cordialities were extended to him. This was the first transmission of the Buddhist dharma to Baekje.
  • 385 AD, spring, second month. They built a Buddhist temple at Mt. Hansan, and 10 people became monks. Winter, eleventh month. The king died.

Legacy

He was the first Baekje king to officially recognize Buddhism. According to the Samguk sagi and Samguk yusa, the two oldest extant histories of Korea, Buddhism was officially introduced to Korea during the 4th century during the Three Kingdoms period. In 384, the Indian Buddhist monk Marananta came to Baekje from Eastern Jin. King Chimnyu welcomed him into the palace, and shortly thereafter adopted Buddhism.[4][5] Archaeological discoveries have corroborated these assertions of the early introduction of Buddhism into Korea with the discovery of Goguryeo tomb murals with Buddhist motifs and the excavation of lotus shaped roof tiles dated to the 4th century.[4] In 385, the king ordered that a Buddhist temple be built at the Baekje capital of Hansan (suggested, but not certain, to be at Bukhansanseong), and ten people became monks. After his death his brother Jinsa was crowned but after his death Chimnyu's eldest son became the next king, Asin of Baekje. After Asin's death in 405 his three other sons fought for the crown ending in all of their deaths and the crowning of Asin's son.

Family
  • Father: Geungusu of Baekje
  • Mother: Lady Ai (阿尒夫人) – daughter of Geungusu's chief minister Jin Godo (眞高道).
    • Brother: Buyeo Hwi (扶餘暉, ?–392) – 16th King of Baekje, Jinsa of Baekje.
    • Queen: unknown – of the Jin clan (眞氏).
      • 1st son: Buyeo Abang (扶餘阿芳, ?–405) – 17th King of Baekje, Asin of Baekje.
      • 2nd son: Buyeo Hunhae (扶餘訓解, ?–405) – was in Japan as a hostage where his children stayed and founded the Anko clan (雁高氏). Killed by his younger brother, Seolye, who tried to usurp the throne.
      • 3rd son: Buyeo Seolye (扶餘碟禮, ?–405) – was in Japan as a hostage. Killed his brother Seolye to usurp the throne but was himself killed by his nephew and the prime minister.
    • Concubine: unknown
      • 4th son: Buyeo Hong (扶餘洪, ?–407) – in February, 394 was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs (内臣佐平, Naesin-jwa’pyeong).

See also

References
  1. "침류왕" [Chimnyu of Baekje]. terms.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2019-06-10.
  2. Park, Hyun Sook, «백제의중앙과지방»(Central area and regions of Baekje), p. 71, Juryuseong, 2005, ISBN 8987096513
  3. Samguk Sagi, Scroll 23
  4. Kim, Won-yong (1960), "An Early Gilt-bronze Seated Buddha from Seoul", Artibus Asiae, 23 (1): 67–71, doi:10.2307/3248029, JSTOR 3248029, pg. 71
  5. "Malananta bring Buddhism to Baekje" in Samguk Yusa III, Ha & Mintz translation, pp. 178-179.
Chimnyu of Baekje
Cadet branch of the House of Go
 Died: 385
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Geungusu		 King of Baekje
384–385		 Succeeded by
Jinsa
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