Church of Saint Peter of the Clergymen

The Church of Saint Peter of the Clergymen (Portuguese: Igreja de São Pedro dos Clérigos) is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. It was constructed by the Brotherhood of Saint Peter in approximately 1709 and was renovated in the 18th and 19th centuries. The church was listed as a historic structure by National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) in 1938 and is part of the Historic Center of Salvador UNESCO World Heritage Site.[1][2]

Church of Saint Peter of the Clergymen
Igreja de São Pedro dos Clérigos
Church of Saint Peter of the Clergymen
Religion
AffiliationCatholic
RiteRoman
Location
MunicipalitySalvador
StateBahia
CountryBrazil
Location of the Church of Saint Peter of the Clergymen in Brazil
Geographic coordinates12.97292°S 38.50940°W / -12.97292; -38.50940
Architecture
Completed1709
National Historic Heritage of Brazil
Designated1941
Reference no.273

History

The Brotherhood of Saint Peter is one of the oldest in Brazil; its chapter was established in 1553 by Dom Pero Fernandes Sardinha (1496-1556), the first bishop of Brazil. The brotherhood built a hermitage and small chapel in Salvador near the Archbishop's Palace in the late 17th century. It was demolished in 1708 when the Brotherhood was granted land owned by the Jesuits by the Archbishop of Salvador Sebastião Monteiro da Vida; the Jesuits needed the site of the hermitage to build a curving lower walkway to connect the Sé Cathedral and the Archbishop's Palace. The Sé Cathedral and its lower walkway were demolished in 1933, leaving only the Archbishop's Palace.[1][2][3][4][5]

The construction of the first church of the Brotherhood of Saint Peter began in 1709. Little is known about the period of construction of the church, as the archives of the Brotherhood remain sealed. The structure had fallen into ruin and required renovation by 1741, as stated in a Royal decree of the period. The frontispiece was replaced by one in the late Rococo style in 1887. The plan of the church was enlarged in the same year with the addition of a sacristy.

The church housed priests passing through Salvador from its early history. This function was transferred to the Church and Hospice of Our Lady of the Good Journey, which continued to house travelling clergy until the 1970s. The roof was repaired, the facade was cleaned, and the interior renovated in the 1940s.[1][2][3][4][5]

Structure
View of the nave and chancel
Ceiling painting attributed to José Rodrigues Nunes (1800-1881)

The Church of Saint Peter of the Clergymen was built in the tradition of Bahian churches of the 18th century, with a single nave and lateral corridors surmounted by tribunes. It lacks the transverse sacristy of other churches of the period. The exterior is of stone masonry and brick and opens directly onto the Terreiro de Jesus. A small church yard is of stone and is enclosed by an iron fence. A planned right-hand bell tower was never constructed. The interior of the church has a nave, lateral corridors, chancel, sacristy, choir, ossuary, meeting room, and miscellaneous smaller rooms. The decor of the interior of the church represents the transition between the both Rococo and Neoclassical styles in Bahia.[6][7][5]

Chancel and high altar

The high altar follows the design of the Italian Jesuit artist Andrea Pozzo (1642-1709). It is complemented by two altars at the corner of the chancel arch. Polychromatic marble is richly used in both the floor and elements of the high altar. An image of Our Lady of the Conception is at center of the high altar. A life-size statue of Saint Peter in full papal costume is placed to the right of the high altar; and image of Saint Paul is to the left. The church also has images of Santa Luzia, Saint Amaro, Saint Eligius, and Our Lady of the Gate of Heaven. The high altar and two side altars are in the Neoclassical style, with no trace of the baroque. And image of Our Lady of the Conception is at center of the high altar, and images of Saint Paul and Saint Peter below.[6][7][5]

Ceiling painting

The painting on the ceiling of the nave depicts the Confession of Peter from the Book of Matthew; the scene is a reference to Matthew 16 where Jesus says "[a]nd I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven." The painting is attributed to José Rodrigues Nunes (1800-1881), the only named artist to work in the church; no written record of his on the nave ceiling painting exists, other than by oral tradition. The painting sits within a medallion with gilt tracings, in contrast to Baroque nave paintings in Bahia that cover the length of the ceiling. The nave ceiling has triangular vaults with elaborate gilt tracings above each opening to the tribune; each vault has an oval painting of an early benefactor of the church within.[8][1][3]

Protected status

The Church of Saint Peter of the Clergymen was listed as a historic structure by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1941. It was listed in the Book of Historical Works, Inscription 168 and 254-A; and the Book of Fine Arts, Inscription fls 54. Both directives are dated September 9, 1941.[1]

Access

The Church of Saint Peter of the Clergymen is open to the public and may be visited. The feast days of Saints Peter and Paul are on June 29th and 30th, and are likely the important celebration days of the church.

References
  1. Carrazzoni, Maria, ed. (1980). Guia dos bens tombados (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro, RJ: EXPED-Expansão Editorial. p. 65. ISBN 9788520800577.
  2. Lins, Eugénio Ávila (2013). "Church of Saint Peter of the Clergymen". Lisbon, Portugal: Heritage of Portuguese Influence/Património de Influência Portuguesa. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  3. Pereira, André Luiz Tavares (2005). Notas sobre o patrimônio artístico das irmandades de São Pedro Dos Clérigos (PDF). I Encontro de História da Arte - Revisão Historiográfica: O Estado da Questão (in Portuguese). Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
  4. Riggs, Miriam Elizabeth (2008). 'There's Room for Everyone": Tourism and Tradition in Salvador's Historic District, 1930 to the Present (Ph.D.). University of California, Davis.
  5. Talento, Biaggio; Hollanda, Helenita (2008). Basílicas & capelinhas: um estudo sobre a história, arquitetura e arte de 42 igrejas de Salvador (in Portuguese). Salvador, BA: Bureau Gráfica. pp. 118–121. ISBN 9788585923228.
  6. Félix, Anísio (2001). Pelo Pelourinho (2 ed.). Salvador, Bahia: EGBA. p. 97.
  7. Vilaron, André (2007). Igrejas históricas de Salvador = Historical churches in Salvador. Brasília, Brazil: Ministério das Relações Exteriores, Governo Federal. pp. 70–71. ISBN 9788560123001.
  8. Matthew 16:19
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