Chyhyryn

Chyhyryn (Ukrainian: Чигири́н, pronounced [tʃɪɦɪˈrɪn]) is a city and historic site located in Cherkasy Raion of Cherkasy Oblast of central Ukraine. From 1648 to 1669 the city was a Hetman residence. After a forced relocation of the Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan see from Kyiv in 1658, it became a full-fledged capital of the Cossack Hetmanate. Chyhyryn also became a traditional place for the appointment to the office of Hetman of Zaporizhian Host. It hosts the administration of Chyhyryn urban hromada, one of the amalgamated hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population: 8,655 (2020 est.)[2]

Chyhyryn

Чигирин
View of Chyhyryn from the city's Castle Hill.
Flag
Coat of arms
Chyhyryn
Location of Chyhyryn
Chyhyryn
Chyhyryn (Ukraine)
Coordinates: 49°04′38″N 32°38′57″E
Country Ukraine
Oblast Cherkasy Oblast
RaionCherkasy Raion
City rights1592
Government
 • MayorSerhiy Oleksiiovych Tymchenko
Area
 • Total14 km2 (5 sq mi)
Elevation
124 m (407 ft)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total8,655
 • Density854/km2 (2,210/sq mi)
Postal code
20900-20906
Area code(s)+380 4730

Names

Chyhyryn (Ukrainian: Чигирин) or Chigirin (Russian: Чигири́н) Polish: Czehryń, Turkish: Çigirin or Çehrin.

Location

The city is on the banks of Tiasmyn River and lies at an altitude of 124 metres above mean sea level. Minor industries, such as food and furniture factories, are the basis of the town economy in the 21st century.

History

The area (1320–1569) had been part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was ceded to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (in the Kijów Voivodeship [Kyiv or Kiev] of the Crown of Poland) before the Union of Lublin. It was granted Magdeburg Rights in 1592 by Sigismund III Vasa.

Chyhyryn on the Tiasmyn. A fragment of the Tractus Borysthenis Vulgo Dniepr at Niepr dicti map by Joannii Janssonii (Amsterdam, 1663)

Chyhyryn is first mentioned as a fortified Cossack winter station. In 1638, Bohdan Khmelnytsky became its starosta (regional leader), and in 1648 it became the newly elected Hetman's residence and the capital of the Cossack state, the Zaporozhian Host. During the Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681) it was the center of two bloody campaigns (1675–76 and 1677–78). In 1678 the castle of Chyhyryn was blown up by the retreating Russian garrison that was stationed there, while the Turkish forces sacked the rest of the city. After this, it gradually lost its significance. It remained the center of the Chyhyryn regiment until 1712 and upon the final incorporation into the Russian Empire (1793) it became part of the Kyiv region.

In 1917 a congress of Free Cossacks took place in Chyhyryn. At that congress by tradition Pavlo Skoropadsky was elected as the Hetman of the Cossacks (later in 1918 in Kyiv, he was elected the Hetman of Ukraine as well).

During World War II, Chyhyryn was occupied by the German Army from August 7, 1941 to December 12, 1943.

In 1989 the population of the city was 12 853 people.[3]

Until 18 July 2020, Chyhyryn served as an administrative center of Chyhyryn Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four. The area of Chyhyryn Raion was merged into Cherkasy Raion.[4][5]

Notable people

Landmarks

The Trinity Monastery, built near Chyhyryn in 1627, was later destroyed by the Soviet authorities. Other historical landmarks, such as the town hall and Khmelnytsky's palace, did not survive either. After Ukraine regained independence, Hetman's residence was restored and became a museum.

  • Main square of Chyhyryn
  • Entrance of the restored Bohdan Khmelnytskyi residence
  • Bohdan Khmelnytskyi residence
  • St. Peter and St. Paul Church in Chyhyryn
  • A statue near the church
  • Taras Shevchenko monument in Chyhyryn
  • View on Bohdan Khmelnytskyi Museum
  • Remnants of Chyhyryn Fortress on the Castle Hill
  • Bohdan Khmelnytskyi monument in Chyhyryn

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

Twin towns — Sister cities

Chyhyryn is twinned with:

City Country Year of Signing
Sebastopol, California United States 1993

References
  1. "Чигиринская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  2. "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  3. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу
  4. "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  5. "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
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