Cistus laurifolius

Cistus laurifolius, commonly called laurel-leaf cistus,[1] laurel-leaved cistus[2] or laurel-leaved rock rose, is a species of highly branched flowering evergreen shrub native to some areas around the Mediterranean.

Cistus laurifolius
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Cistaceae
Genus: Cistus
Species:
C. laurifolius
Binomial name
Cistus laurifolius

Description

It grows 0.8–2 m (2 ft 7 in–6 ft 7 in) high. The branches are strong and erect, with reddish bark that is easily removed in strips. The leaves are larger than in the other species of Cistus, up to 9 cm (4 in) long, lanceolate, dark green, while the underside is whitish due to trichomes. The flowering occurs in late spring (May–June), later than most rockroses.[3] It bears white flowers with a yellow spot in each petal, of 4.5–5 cm diameter[4] It is widely cultivated in gardens, and has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[5]

Distribution and habitat

Cistus laurifolius has a disjunct natural distribution, in the Western Mediterranean area (Morocco, Portugal, Spain, southern France, Corsica and Tuscany), the Aegean and Anatolia.[4]

With the general warming of the atmosphere and the consequent withdrawal of the ice, flora surviving from Tertiary times could not re-establish their range in southern Europe; the new post-glacial climate was drier than that of the Tertiary. The original tropical European flora evolved into the present Mediterranean sclerophyll flora.[6][7][8] The distribution of some surviving species, such as Cistus laurifolius, moved to wetter areas such as the mountains.[8] Due to this, C. laurifolius is named in Spanish in its distribution area as "mountain rockrose",[8] although in the coastal west and northwest Iberian Peninsula, it is found at sea level.[9]

Cistus shrubland, including C. laurifolius, survives fire and has seeds that germinate after fire.[10]

Phylogeny

Cistus laurifolius belongs to the white and whitish pink flowered clade of Cistus species.

Species-level cladogram of Cistus species.
 
 

  Halimium spp.  

 
 
     
PPC  
     

  Cistus crispus  

 
 
     
     

  Cistus asper  

 
 

  Cistus chinamadensis  

 
 

  Cistus horrens  

 
 

  Cistus ocreatus  

 
 

  Cistus osbeckiifolius  

 
 

  Cistus palmensis  

 
 

  Cistus symphytifolius  

 
 
 
     

  Cistus heterophyllus  

 
 
     

  Cistus albidus  

 
 

  Cistus creticus  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  Halimium spp.  

 
 
  WWPC  
     
     

  Cistus clusii  

 
 

  Cistus munbyi  

 
 
 
     

  Cistus inflatus  

 
 

  Cistus ladanifer  

 
 

  Cistus laurifolius  

 
 

  Cistus libanotis  

 
 

  Cistus monspeliensis  

 
 

  Cistus parviflorus  

 
 

  Cistus populifolius  

 
 

  Cistus pouzolzii  

 
 

  Cistus salviifolius  

 
 

  Cistus sintenisii  

 
 
 
 
  Purple
  Pink
  Clade
  White
  Whitish Pink
  Clade
Species-level cladogram of Cistus species, based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences.[11][12][13][14]
Different vegetative and reproductive stages of Cistus laurifolius
  • Laurel-leaf cistus in its ecosystem.
  • General view of the shrub.
  • Young branches with the large leaves.
  • The fruits are capsules, with dehiscence revealing seeds within.

Subtaxa
  • Cistus laurifolius var. atlanticus Pit.[15]
  • Cistus laurifolius var. lanceolatus Rouy & Foucaud
  • Cistus laurifolius var. laurifolius
  • Cistus laurifolius var. ovatus Rouy & Foucaud

References
  1. "Cistus laurifolius". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  2. "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  3. Filippi, Olivier (2007). Pour un jardin sans arrosage (For a garden without irrigation). Arles: Actes Sud. p. 207. ISBN 978-2-7427-6730-4.
  4. Flora Iberica 3: 331
  5. http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=430
  6. John W. Harshberger (1926). "Mediterranean Garigue and Macchia (first page)". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 65 (1): 56–63. JSTOR 984338.
  7. Fernández-Mazuecos, M.; Vargas, P. (2010). "Ecological rather than geographical isolation dominates Quaternary formation of Mediterranean Cistus species". Molecular Ecology. 19 (7): 1381–1395. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04549.x. PMID 20196815.
  8. Beatriz Guzmán; Pablo Vargas (2005). "Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Cistus L. (Cistaceae) based on ITS, trnL-trnF, and matK sequences" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (3): 644–660. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.026. PMID 16055353.
  9. Antonio Rigueiro Rodríguez; Fco. Javier Silva-Pando. "Aportaciones A La Flora De Galicia, I." (PDF). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid. 40 (2): 385–395.
  10. R. Tárrega; E. Luis-Calabuig; I. Alonso (1997). "Space-time heterogeneity in the recovery after experimental burning and cutting in a Cistus laurifolius shrubland". Plant Ecology. 129 (2): 179–187. doi:10.1023/A:1009728317705. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09. Retrieved 2012-05-10.
  11. Guzmán, B. & Vargas, P. (2005). "Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Cistus L. (Cistaceae) based on ITS, trnL-trnF, and matK sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (3): 644–660. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.026. PMID 16055353.
  12. Guzmán, B. & Vargas, P. (2009). "Historical biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae (Malvales) based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 9 (2): 83–99. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2009.01.001.
  13. Guzman, B.; Lledo, M.D. & Vargas, P. (2009). "Adaptive Radiation in Mediterranean Cistus (Cistaceae)". PLOS ONE. 4 (7): e6362. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6362G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006362. PMC 2719431. PMID 19668338.
  14. Civeyrel, Laure; Leclercq, Julie; Demoly, Jean-Pierre; Agnan, Yannick; Quèbre, Nicolas; Pélissier, Céline & Otto, Thierry (2011). "Molecular systematics, character evolution, and pollen morphology of Cistus and Halimium (Cistaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 295 (1–4): 23–54. doi:10.1007/s00606-011-0458-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  15. "Tropicos.org".


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.