Clanculus

Clanculus is a genus of sea snail, marine gastropod molluscs of the family Trochidae, the top shells.[2]

Clanculus
A shell of Clanculus ormophorus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda
Order: Trochida
Superfamily: Trochoidea
Family: Trochidae
Genus: Clanculus
Montfort, 1810[1]
Type species
Trochus pharaonius Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms[2]
  • Clanculus (Clanculopsis) Monterosato, 1888
  • Clangulus Blainville, 1817
  • Euclanculus Cotton & Godfrey, 1934
  • Euriclanculus Cotton & Godfrey, 1934
  • Fragella Swainson, 1840
  • Isoclanculus Cotton & Godfrey, 1934
  • Macroclanculus Cotton & Godfrey, 1934
  • Mesoclanculus Iredale, 1924
  • Microclanculus Cotton & Godfrey, 1934
  • Otavia Risso, 1826
  • Trochus (Belangeria) P. Fischer, 1879
  • Trochus (Clanculus) Montfort, 1810

Distribution

Clanculus is an old genus. Fossils found in Italy date from the Pliocene (C. corallinus, C. elevatus, C. bonfittoi, C. jussieui)[3] The distribution of this genus is worldwide, individuals of some species sometimes occur in great numbers, from the intertidal zone up to depths of 200 m. Many species can be found in Australia, New Zealand, the Indo-Pacific, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Seychelles, Japan, South Africa, Zanzibar, Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, West Africa, Angola, North Africa and Europe.[4]

Shell description

These top shells are wide-conical and low spired. Their spirally ribbed sculpture consists of conspicuous regular rows of robust, round beads. The whorls show a profile with a deep suture and the final whorl inflated. The aperture of the shell is oval, with a strongly ridged lip. The umbilicus is generally deep. The color of the shell varies between orange, dark red, and chocolate brown.

Species

The type species, Clanculus pharaonius, was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 as Trochus pharaonius.

Subgenus Clanculus (Paraclanculus) Finlay, 1926

Species brought into synonymy
  • Clanculus alfredensis Bartsch, 1915: synonym of Clanculus miniatus (Anton, 1838)
  • Clanculus angeli Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of Clanculus plebejus (Philippi, 1852)
  • Clanculus assabensis Caramagna, 1888 : synonym of Clanculus tonnerrei (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874)
  • Clanculus becki Turton, 1932: synonym of Clanculus miniatus (Anton, 1838)
  • Clanculus bicrenatus Gould, 1849: synonym of Trochus bicrenatus Gould, 1849 [7]
  • Clanculus blainvillii Cantraine, 1842: synonym of Clanculus jussieui (Payraudeau, 1826)
  • Clanculus blandus Dunker, 1865 (nomen nudum): synonym of Clanculus stigmatarius A. Adams, 1853 [8]
  • Clanculus callicoccus (Philippi, 1849): synonym of Trochus callicoccus Philippi, 1849 [9]
  • Clanculus capensis (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Gibbula capensis (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Clanculus carinatus A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Clanculus miniatus (Anton, 1838)
  • Clanculus cariniferus (Beck in Reeve, 1842): synonym of Trochus cariniferus Reeve, 1842
  • Clanculus clippertonensis Hertlein & Emerson 1953: synonym of Homalopoma clippertonense (Hertlein & Emerson, 1953)
  • Clanculus concavus (Gmelin): synonym of Infundibulum concavum (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Clanculus conspersus A. Adams, 1853 : synonym of Clanculus philippi (Koch in Philippi, 1843)
  • Clanculus couturii Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of Clanculus corallinus (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Clanculus crassilabrum Sowerby III,1905: synonym of Herpetopoma crassilabrum (G. B. Sowerby III, 1905)
  • Clanculus danieli Crosse, 1862: synonym of Eurytrochus danieli (Crosse, 1862)
  • Clanculus dominicanus Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of Clanculus plebejus (Philippi, 1852)
  • Clanculus elevatus Turton, 1932: synonym of Clanculus miniatus (Anton, 1838)
  • Clanculus eucosmia Turton, 1932: synonym of Clanculus miniatus (Anton, 1838)
  • Clanculus gatliffi Tomlin, 1924: synonym of Clanculus euchelioides Tate, 1893
  • Clanculus gemmatus Gould, 1845: synonym of Euchelus gemmatus (Gould, 1845)
  • Clanculus gennesi Fischer, 1901 : synonym of Clanculus tonnerrei (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874)
  • Clanculus gibbonsi Sowerby : synonym of Clanculus tonnerrei (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874)
  • Clanculus gibbosus A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Clanculus floridus (Philippi, 1850)
  • Clanculus granosus J. Brazier, 1877 : synonym of Clanculus bronni Dunker, 1860
  • Clanculus granoliratus Monterosato, 1889 : synonym of Clanculus jussieui (Payraudeau, 1826)
  • Clanculus hizenensis Pilsbry, 1901: synonym of Clanculus bronni Dunker, 1860
  • Clanculus howeinsulae Salisbury, 1936: synonym of Clanculus thomasi (Crosse, 1862)
  • Clanculus kochii Philippi, 1844: synonym of Trochus kochii Philippi, 1844
  • Clanculus kowiensis Turton, 1932: synonym of Clanculus miniatus (Anton, 1838)
  • Clanculus kraussi Philippi in Martini & Chemnitz, 1849 : synonym of Clanculus atricatena Tomlin, 1921
  • Clanculus laceyi G. B. Sowerby, 1889: synonym of Clanculus miniatus (Anton, 1838)
  • Clanculus maculosus A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Clanculus limbatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
  • Clanculus microdon ater H. A. Pilsbry, 1911 : synonym of Clanculus ater Pilsbry, 1901
  • Clanculus miniatus (Anton, 1838) sensu Macnae & Kalk, 1969: synonym of Clanculus puniceus (Philippi, 1846)
  • Clanculus miniatus auct.: synonym of Clanculus waltonae Sowerby III, 1892
  • Clanculus nodiliratus A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Clanculus plebejus (Philippi, 1852)
  • Clanculus nodulosus A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Trochus ferreirai Bozzetti, 1996
  • Clanculus ochroleucus (Philippi, 1853): synonym of Clanculus albanyensis Jansen, 1995
  • Clanculus omalomphalus A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Clanculus brunneus Adams, 1853
  • Clanculus patagonicus d'Orbigny, 1835: synonym of Tegula patagonica (d'Orbigny, 1835)
  • Clanculus peccatus (Finlay, 1927): synonym of Clanculus (Paraclanculus) peccatus (Finlay, 1926)
  • Clanculus philomenae Tenison-Woods, 1876: synonym of Clanculus philippi (Koch in Philippi, 1843)
  • Clanculus plabeius Pritchard & Gatliff, 1902: synonym of Clanculus plebejus (Philippi, 1852)
  • Clanculus puniceus (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Clanculus atricatena Tomlin, 1921
  • Clanculus purpuratus Pilsbry, 1889: synonym of Clanculus philippi (Koch in Philippi, 1843)
  • Clanculus radiatus Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Trochus radiatus Gmelin, 1791
  • Clanculus raphaeli Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of Clanculus philippi (Koch in Philippi, 1843)
  • Clanculus rotellina A. A. Gould, 1849 : synonym of Camitia rotellina (Gould, 1849)
  • Clanculus rubens ("A. Adams") Angas, 1865: synonym of Clanculus dunkeri Koch in Philippi, 1843
  • Clanculus samoensis Rousseau in Hombron, J.B. & C.H. Jacquinot, 1877: synonym of Clanculus atropurpureus (Gould, 1849)
  • Clanculus septenarius (Melvill & Standen, 1899): synonym of Pulchrastele septenaria (Melvill & Standen, 1899)
  • Clanculus trochiformis Turton, 1932: synonym of Clanculus miniatus (Anton, 1838)
  • Clanculus unedo (A. Adams, 1853): synonym of Clanculus margaritarius (Philippi, 1846)
  • Clanculus variegatus A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Clanculus limbatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
  • Clanculus yatesii Crosse, 1863: synonym of Clanculus philippii (Koch in Philippi, 1843)
  • Clanculus zebrides A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Clanculus brunneus Adams, 1853

References
  1. Montfort P. D. de (1810). Conch. Syst. 2: 190.
  2. Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Clanculus Montfort, 1810. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138587 on 2011-04-07
  3. SPADINI Valeriano (2006). "Il genere Clanculus monfort, 1810 (Gastropoda: Trochidae) nel Pliocene senese (Toscana, Italia)". Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano. 147 (2): 211–237.
  4. Jansen, P. (1995). A review of the genus Clanculus Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda: Trochidae) in Australia, with description of a new subspecies and the introduction of a nomen novum. . Vita Marina. 43 (1-2): 39-62
  5. Museum Victoria: Clanculus baccatus
  6. H. Pilsbry, Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
  7. Encyclopedia of life: Trochus bicrenatus
  8. Bieler & Petit (2012), Molluscan taxa in the publications of the Museum Godeffroy of Hamburg, with a discussion of the Godeffroy Sales Catalogs (1864–1884), the Journal des Museum Godeffroy (1873–1910), and a history of the museum; Zootaxa 3511
  9. Philippi (1849), "Systematisches Conchylien-cabinet"
  • NZ Mollusca
  • Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
  • Checklist
  • Blainville, H.M.D., 1817. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature.
  • Pilsbry, H.A., 1889. Manual of Conchology vol. XI Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Philadelphia. 1-519, pls 1-67
  • Satyamurti, S.T., 1952. Mollusca of Krusadai Is. I. Amphineura and Gastropoda. Bull. Madras Govt. Mus.; Nat. Hist.n.s., 1(2)(6):1-267.
  • Ludbrook, N. H., 1956. The molluscan fauna of the Pliocene strata underlying the Adelaide Plains. Part 3. Scaphopoda, Polyplacophora, Gastropoda (Haliotidae to Tornidae). Trans. R. Soc. SA, 79:1-36
  • Cotton, B.C., 1959. South Australian Mollusca. Archaeogastropoda . South Australian Government Printer, Adelaide. 1-449.
  • Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F., 1962 [31/Dec/1962]. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Mem. Aust. Mus., 11:0-0
  • Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J., 1962. Marine Mollusca of Victoria. Melbourne Univ. Press, Melbourne. 475.
  • Ladd, H.S., 1966 [31/Dec/1966]. Chitons and gastropods (Haliotidae through Adeorbidae) from the western Pacific Islands. United States Geological Survey, Professional Pape, 531:0-0
  • Rajagopal, A.S. & Mookherjee, H.P., 1978. Contributions to the molluscan fauna of India. Pt. I. Marine molluscs of the Coromandel Coast, Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar - Gastropoda: Archaeogastropoda. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 12:1-48
  • Herbert G.G. (1993). Revision of the Trochinae, tribe Trochini (Gastropoda: Trochidae) of southern Africa. Annals of the natal Museum 34(2):239-308
  • Wilson, B., 1993. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, WA
  • Jansen, P., 1995 [July 1995]. A review of the genus Clanculus Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda: Trochidae) in Australia, with description of a new subspecies and the introduction of a nomen novum. Vita Marina, 43(1-2):39-62.
  • Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
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