Classic hits

Classic hits is a radio format which generally includes songs from the top 40 music charts from the mid-1970s to the 2000s, with music from the 1980s serving as the core of the format. Music that was popularized by MTV[1] in the early 1980s and the nostalgia behind it[2] is a major driver to the format. It is considered the successor to the oldies format,[3] a collection of top 40 songs from the late 1950s through the late 1970s that was once extremely popular in the United States. The term is sometimes incorrectly used as a synonym for the adult hits format, which uses a slightly newer music library stretching from all decades to the present with a major focus on 1990s and 2000s rock and alternative songs.[4] In addition, adult hits stations tend to have larger playlists, playing a given song only a few times per week, compared to the tighter libraries on classic hits stations. For example, KRTH, a classic hits station in Los Angeles, and KLUV, a classic hits station in Dallas, both play power songs up to 30 times a week, which is another differentiator compared to other formats that share songs with classic hits libraries.

For other uses, see Classic hits (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Adult hits.

The classic hits format has become extremely popular in the last few years with stations like KRTH, WCBS-FM in New York, and WLS-FM in Chicago having a much successful ratings with this model.[5] Classic hits was named "format of the summer of 2018"[6] by Nielsen Audio's research team emphasizing the huge popularity of the format. In addition, the Millennial generation is listening to this format in record numbers, according to a Nielsen report.[7] As of December 2019 there are now over 1,100 classic hits stations in the United States, the largest amount in format history.[8]

History

Origins

The term "classic hits" is believed to have its birth at WZLX in Boston, when the station converted from adult contemporary to a format composed of the hipper tracks from the oldies format and album tracks from popular classic rock albums. The goal was to attract and magnetize people who experienced adolescence in either the 1960s and 1970s and enjoyed the music of those eras, but did not favor the then-current heavy metal or top 40 music of the 1980s. These were people whose mindset was aging beyond album-oriented rock and top 40, yet were still either too young for or uninterested in oldies.[9]

Contemporary definition

Until the mid-2000s, the term "classic hits" was used by stations that played the softer or more hit-oriented side of classic rock. Today, there are a few stations that identify as classic hits, such as WROR-FM in Boston and WJJK in Indianapolis, but whose playlists have more in common with classic rock.

The classic hits format as it is known today began to take shape in the mid 2000s when oldies radio stations started having audience and ratings issues.[10] They believed that they could not be successful with the oldies format and needed to update the music and presentation to stay relevant in the 25-54 demographic on which advertising agencies base ad purchases. After several years of format transitions and changes, the industry needed a term that better defined the stations who were basing their libraries in the MTV era of music. Thus, the term classic hits was accepted by the radio community as the official name and recognized by Nielsen Audio as a format classification. In addition, many adult contemporary (AC) stations that had featured a large library of 1980s music began to phase it out as new artists like Adele, Pink, Bruno Mars, Maroon 5, and others became very popular, thus making these stations much more current oriented. This factor created a situation where artists like Madonna, George Michael, Michael Jackson, and Prince, who are considered major superstars, were no longer being played on AC stations. Most of these stations are now current-intensive, playing newer artists versus those from the 1980s which have aged out of the AC format.

The recent appeal to this format has introduced format flips in major markets, including the flip of WIAD, Washington D.C. from adult contemporary-formatted "Fresh-FM" to classic hits as "The Drive" in October 2018.[11] Most of the current classic hits stations were simply slow evolutions from oldies, including WOGL in Philadelphia, WRBQ-FM in Tampa, KLUV in Dallas, and WOCL in Orlando, among many others. WOGL changed their slogan to "Nobody plays more 80s"[12] whereas WRBQ-FM changed to "Hits of the 80s and more".[13] Radio programmer Scott Shannon, the architect of the modern top 40 era[14] at WHTZ (Z100) in New York during the 1980s, moved his morning show to WCBS-FM,[15] bringing many of the 1980s-style radio formats to the station.[16] Dallas-based JAM Creative Productions, a major producer of radio station jingles in the 1980s, created an updated jingle package for stations that moved to a classic hits presentation.[17] Jingles in the CBS-FM update package include cuts from the popular "Flame Thrower" and "Warp Factor" packages made famous by WHTZ in the 1980s.

Rhythmic classic hits

In the late 2010s, a further modernization of the format focusing on pop, rhythmic, and dance hits from the 1990s and 2000s began to emerge, with examples such as Edmonton's CKPW-FM (which initially branded as Power 107 in reference to a heritage CHR station that once operated in the market, but was forced to rebrand as Play 107 after trademark disputes with said station's owner),[18][19] which promoted acts such as the Backstreet Boys, Britney Spears, NSYNC, and Rihanna as core artists (while also featuring some CHR recurrents), and WKAF in Boston (which is more rhythmic-based, and includes occasional songs from the 1980s, closer-resembling rhythmic oldies). Harvard Broadcasting and iHeartMedia both used the term "rhythmic classic hits" to refer to this format.[20][18]

Musical definition

Today's classic hits format is a representation of the variety of music types[21] found on the radio in the 1980s including these core artists. These were a few examples that were more commonly used on most classic hits stations.

Rock:

Alternative and new wave:

Pop:

Urban and dance:

Together all these different genres of music still have mass appeal due to the origins of radio stations that played them together when they were hits. Similar to the philosophy with oldies radio, most of the music is upbeat and edgy, staying away from slow ballads. While these music types can be found in other formats, what makes this format unique is the variety of genres being played together on one station as a decade-based collection, as opposed to a single style of music.

Despite of most radio stations in the United States containing the more-popular artists in a repetition cycle, only a couple (both commercial and community) radio stations in the United States contain classic songs by either more rarer or former (not as popular than the list) artists that appeared on the charts from decades prior and never appeared on the more modern classic hits playlists.

During that reason, classic hits radio stations in Europe had a more expanded playlist due to its different charting in former decades. The songs on the stations in Europe play were very different rather than classic hits stations either in the United States, Canada, or Australia. Unlike them, European Classic Hits stations had a mix of various types of Classic Hits such as the normal and rhythmic formats.

Songs from the mid- to late 1970s which had an influence on the MTV generation from artists such as Queen, Foreigner, Elton John, and the Bee Gees are still featured on many of these stations as the oldest part of the library. Additionally, stations have started to play songs from the 1990s and 2000s that have appeal to this audience such as "Linger" by The Cranberries and Uncle Kracker's version of "Drift Away", along with later releases by artists that were successful in the 1980s, such as U2 and Michael Jackson.

In turn, a classic hits approach still centered in the 1970s and late 1960s is known as "gold" classic hits to distinguish it from the increasingly 1980s-influenced classic hits format, and from oldies stations still centered in the 1960s.[22]

Resurgence of 1980s music

There are theories about why the music of the 1980s continues to be popular, especially to younger generations such as Millennials. The advent of music in video games such as the Grand Theft Auto, Rock Band, and Guitar Hero series introduced younger audiences to 1980s songs from artists such as The Police, Queen, Duran Duran, The Cars, R.E.M., Billy Joel, and hundreds of others.

Another theory includes TV shows and movies on Netflix and other streaming video services that are set in the 1980s and feature music from that era.[23] Examples include Netflix's popular series Stranger Things (whose soundtrack features songs from Cyndi Lauper and Toto), Wet Hot American Summer, Glow, and The Goldbergs on ABC. Movies with box office success that are set in the 1980s have also been contributed to the popularity of the music of that era, including Guardians of the Galaxy, The Wedding Singer, Hot Tub Time Machine, and Ready Player One.[24]

Studies suggesting that millennials prefer older music[25] have also been published with theories regarding a major shift in radio programming. According to these reports, the 1970s and 1980s were the last decades that a typical top 40 radio station played all music types; by the 1990s, top 40 began splintering into various genres such as rap and alternative rock, and each station was reformatted to focus on one type of music.

During the late 2010s, many stations in the adult contemporary, urban adult contemporary, and alternative formats either reduced or eliminated songs from the 1970s and 1980s in favor of new artists and more current-based music rotations. This created a void in which gold-based music was not being played on radio in certain markets, thus creating a new opportunity for classic hits stations.

References
  1. "CNN - MTV changed the music industry on August 1, 1981 - July 31, 1998". www.cnn.com. Retrieved 2019-03-11.
  2. "Why Pop Culture Is Obsessed With The 1980s Right Now". Film School Rejects. 2018-03-26. Retrieved 2019-03-11.
  3. "What's The Musical Future Of An 'Oldies' Format?". Insideradio.com. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  4. Classic Hits - Westwood One.com
  5. "Most popular radio stations in Los Angeles 2019 | Statistic". Statista. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  6. "And the Winner Is... Radio Listeners Preferred Classic Hits During the Summer of 2018". Nielsen Audio. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  7. "Millennials Flip the Dial to Classic Hits as the Summer Starts". Nielsen Audio. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  8. "Format Count: Classic Hits Soars To Record Number Of Outlets". Insideradio.com. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
  9. "About Nickey Radio". Archived from the original on 2017-10-26. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  10. Ross, Sean (2005-01-24). "Don't Drop Oldies Before You've Read This". Edison Research. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  11. Venta, Lance (2018-10-03). "Classic Hits 94.7 The Drive Debuts In Washington". RadioInsight. RadioBB Networks. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  12. "98.1 WOGL". WOGL. Entercom Communications Corporation. Retrieved 2019-03-07.
  13. "Q105 - Tampa Bay's Hits of the '80s & More!". WRBQ-FM. Beasley Media Group. Retrieved 2019-03-07.
  14. Venta, Lance (2014-02-07). "Looking Back At Scott Shannon's Impact & Legacy". RadioInsight. RadioBB Networks. Retrieved 2019-03-11.
  15. Hinckley, David (2017-08-14). "Scott Shannon and WCBS-FM: Is It Possible Youth Isn't Always All That Matters?". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  16. Hinckley, David. "WCBS-FM plays up the '80s, and a younger audience responds". New York Daily News. Retrieved 2019-03-11.
  17. "JAM: WCBS-FM Update". Jingles.com. JAM Creative Productions. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  18. Thiessen, Connie (2019-08-15). "Harvard debuts Classic CHR format on rebranded Power 107 Edmonton". Broadcast Dialogue. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
  19. Mulcahy, Karyn (2019-12-20). "POWER play: Edmonton radio station re-brands after court order". CTV News Edmonton. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
  20. "The '90s Format Enters Its Second Decade". Radio Insight. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
  21. "80s Classic Hits". uDiscoverMusic. 2018-09-12. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  22. Westwood One launches Classic Hits Gold from Radio Insight, October 22, 2019
  23. "Why Are Millennials So Obsessed With the 80s? – Millenial Influx". Retrieved 2019-03-07.
  24. Jacobs, Fred (May 22, 2019). "Loving the music you didn't grow up with". Jacobs Media.
  25. "Millennials prefer music from 20th century 'golden age' to the pop of today". Metro. 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2019-03-07.
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