Claudia Card

She earned her B.A. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1962) and her M.A. (1964) and Ph.D. (1969) from Harvard University, where she wrote her dissertation under the direction of John Rawls.

Card joined the faculty in the philosophy department at Wisconsin straight from her Harvard studies. She has held visiting professorships at The Goethe Institute (Frankfurt, Germany), Dartmouth College (Hanover NH), and the University of Pittsburgh. She has written four treatises, edited or co-edited six books, and published nearly 150 articles and reviews. She has delivered nearly 250 papers at conferences, colleges, and universities and has been featured in 29 radio broadcasts. She delivered the John Dewey Lecture to the Central Division of the American Philosophical Association (APA) in 2008.[3] In April 2011 Card became the President of the APA's Central Division.[4] Her Presidential Address was "Surviving Long-Term Mass Atrocities: U-Boats, Catchers, and Ravens". In 2013, she was invited to deliver the Paul Carus Lectures, a series of three lectures delivered to the APA; these will be delivered at the Central Division in 2016.[5]

In 2011, Card was awarded the University of Wisconsin's Hilldale Award for excellence in teaching, research and service. In nominating her for this award, her department chair, Russ Shafer-Landau, said, "Her books and articles have become as essential to feminist thinking as Das Kapital is to labor theory. You simply can't do feminism without reading Card, and even if you don't read Card, today's feminism bears her mark so deeply that you may not even realize that you have in some other way digested her theoretical perspectives."[6]

Card's research primarily focused on ethics and social philosophy, including normative ethical theory; feminist ethics; environmental ethics; and theories of justice, punishment, and evil. She paid special attention to the ethical theories of Kant, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche, and had read widely in history, sociology, and survivor testimony. In the 1970s, Card was an active early member of the Midwest Society for Women in Philosophy, and was a pioneer in articulating lesbian feminist philosophy. She supported a variety of LGBT research and activism throughout her career. In 1996, the Society for Women in Philosophy (SWIP) elected her Distinguished Philosopher of the Year. Card had previously taken some controversial stances, such as arguing against marriage, on the grounds that it gives each party rights over the person of the other that no one should have, and as being especially dangerous to women within patriarchy. While others were painting rosy pictures of equality in lesbian relationships, Card's realism came through in her articulation of the dangers of lesbian battering.[7] Standing up for the oppressed and for persons at risk had marked her work from the start, in her classic and still oft-cited "On Mercy.[8]" More recently, her work turned to understanding the nature of evil.[9] She tackled issues of racism, sexism, oppression, developed a theory of genocide as social death, developed theories of militarism, punishment, and as early as 1996 was urging us to see rape as a weapon of war.[10]

Prior to her death, Card's work developed a secular conception of evil, which appears in two volumes of an intended trilogy, The Atrocity Paradigm: A Theory of Evil.[11] An issue of Hypatia is dedicated to the book.[12] These two volumes bring together 20 philosophers commenting on Card's work.

The second book in the trilogy is Confronting Evils: Terrorism, Torture, Genocide.[13] In it, Card examined her account of atrocity as a paradigm of evil, refining and expanding the views developed in the first book, with attention to structural evil, the role of harm, and the significance of culpability. She argued that evils are inexcusably wrong and that they need not be extraordinary. She also indicated we must pay attention to evils that occur so commonly that we tend to overlook them. She applied, tested, and extended this revised account in examining the moral wrongs of terrorism, torture, and genocide. While she was writing this second book in the trilogy, Card also co-edited a collection of philosophical papers on Genocide's Aftermath.[14][15]

Prior to her death on September 12, 2015, Card was working extensively on the third book in the trilogy, on Surviving Atrocity. This book built upon her 2010 APA presidential address, and maintained a focus on mass atrocities that have become all-too-familiar. The book also included attention to surviving long-term mass atrocities, poverty, and global and local misogyny.

Card was diagnosed with lung cancer in summer 2014, underwent treatment, and seemed to be doing fairly well. However, in early 2015, while attending the Ohio Philosophical Association annual meeting, where she was the invited keynote speaker, at Baldwin Wallace University outside of Cleveland, Ohio, Card collapsed in her hotel room. She was treated at the Cleveland Clinic, where she learned that her cancer had metastasized. After radiation treatment, months of rehabilitation and therapy, Card died, surrounded by her family, on September 12, 2015, at the age of 74.[16]

• Profile: Claudia Card (a) Department of Philosophy, The University of Wisconsin–Madison
• Profile: Claudia Card (b) Department of Philosophy, The University of Wisconsin–Madison
• "Fearless Claudia Card defines feminism, confronts evil". News, College of Letters and Science, The University of Wisconsin–Madison. 9 January 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
• academia.edu (downloadable copies of some of Card's work)
• Carus Lectures American Philosophical Association
• Mitchell, Jessica (25 October 2013). "Genocide definition explored". The Crusader. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2015.