Clitocybe odora

Clitocybe odora, also known as the aniseed toadstool, is a blue-green mushroom that grows near deciduous and coniferous trees. They can be found growing in small groups along the side of tree roots. This mushroom is edible, but a few expert mushroom hunters insist that young specimens should be avoided as can be confused with Stropharia aeruginosa. The anise odor is due to the presence of p-anisaldehyde and a small amount of benzaldehyde.[2] This odor can give away the mushroom's presence before it is observed by eye.

Clitocybe odora
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Agaricales
Family:
Tricholomataceae
Genus:
Clitocybe
Species:
C. odora
Binomial name
Clitocybe odora
(Bull.) P.Kumm. (1871)
Synonyms[1]
  • Agaricus viridis Hudson (1778)
  • Agaricus odorus Bull. (1784)
  • Clitocybe viridis (Hudson) Gillet (1874)
Clitocybe odora
float
Mycological characteristics
gills on hymenium
cap is flat
hymenium is decurrent
stipe is bare
spore print is white
ecology is mycorrhizal
edibility: edible

Taxonomy

First described by the French mycologist Jean Baptiste Francois Pierre Bulliard (1742–1793). The specific epithet odora is from the Latin meaning "perfumed".[3]

Description

Young specimens have a light blue texture on the cap which fades to grey in age. The gills and stem are white with no ring.

Full grown specimens have blue-green, flowery, cup-shaped caps; the gills are creamy white, or reflect the blue-green color of the cap. The cap's surface feels rough. The stem is thick, is attached to the gills with no rings, and is textured, with a pale-yellow colour. The younger ones have a bell-shaped cap with a light blue or icy blue colour. The gills and stem are white, or bluish green. It has a strong scent and taste of aniseed, hence its name.

There is a white variety (Clitocybe odora var.alba Lange) that has the same strong odour.

Distribution and habitat

Found in both deciduous, and coniferous woods, it is widespread in the temperate zones, occurring in Asia, Europe, and North America. On the East Coast of North America it favours oak woodland, but it is often abundant in the coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest.[4]

Edibility

The caps can be dried, and used as a condiment, or used fresh for flavouring.[5] Mushroom hunters should be sure to pick mature ones, mainly because the younger ones can be confused with several similar poisonous ones that grow along with this mushroom. Every part of the mushroom should be examined before collecting for the table. Also, the stem and the cut cap should be checked to see if there are any fly larvae. Some guides recommend avoiding eating the species.[6]

References
  1. Index Fungorum
  2. Sylvie Rapior; Sophie Breheret; Thierry Talou; Yves Pélissier & Jean-Marie Bessière (2002). "The anise-like odor of Clitocybe odora, Lentinellus cochleatus and Agaricus essettei". Mycologia. 94 (3): 373–376. doi:10.1080/15572536.2003.11833201. PMID 21156507. S2CID 46170831.
  3. Giovanni Pacioni (1993). The Macdonald Encyclopedia of Mushrooms and Toadstools (English version). Little, Brown & Company Ltd. ISBN 0-316-90625-5.
  4. David Arora (1986). Mushrooms Demystified. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-89815-169-4.
  5. Mabey, Richard (1975). Food For Free, a guide to the edible wild plants of Britain. Fontana / Collins.
  6. Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
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