Coenonympha leander

Coenonympha leander, the Russian heath, is a butterfly belonging to the family Nymphalidae. It is found in northern Greece, Hungary, Bulgaria, southern Russia, Asia Minor, Armenia and Iran.[1] The habitat consists of warm grassy areas.

Russian heath
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Genus: Coenonympha
Species:
C. leander
Binomial name
Coenonympha leander
(Esper, 1784)
Synonyms
  • Papilio leander Esper, 1784

The wingspan 32–40 mm.[2] Adults have a uniform row of spots on the underside of the hindwings, as well as a reddish submarginal band.[3]

Description in Seitz

C. leander Esp. (48c). Upperside of the male almost like arcania, forewing yellowish red edged with black;hindwing dark sooty brown, with the ocelli shining through faintly from the underside. Female rather paler, with a narrower margin on the forewing. Underside yellowish brown, hindwing tinged with greyish green, with 6 similar ocelli, the one situated at the anal angle being sometimes double. From Hungary through Bulgaria to the Black Sea, in the Crimea, the Ural and Volga districts, Asia Minor and Persia. — The form obscura Ruhl (48c) is smaller and washed with a dark colour, so that the upperside appears uniformly sooty brown; from Armenia. — iphioides Stgr. (48 c), from Castilia, is on the upperside similar to iphis, but the ocelli on the underside of the hindwing are very large and complete, touching one another with their outer borders. The thinly black edge of the wing on the underside, which bears the pale fringes, contrasts strongly with a pale ochre-yellow marginal band, which is limited proximally by the metallic line. Caught near San Ildefonso. — In May and June. [4] Adults are on wing from May to August[5] in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Poa, Melica, Anthoxanthum and Lolium species.

Subspecies
  • Coenonympha leander leander
  • Coenonympha leander obscura Heyne, 1894 (Caucasus Minor, Armenian Highland, Talysh)

References
  1. "Coenonympha Hübner, [1819]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
  2. seyfikaraman.blogspot.nl
  3. euroButterflies by Matt Rowlings
  4. Seitz. A. in Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren) This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. "Captain's European Butterfly Guide". Archived from the original on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2015-06-19.
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