Continuum (magazine)

Continuum was a magazine published by an activist group of the same name who denied the existence of HIV/AIDS.

Continuum
Former editors
  • Jody Wells
  • Huw Christie Williams
  • Michael Baumgartner
CategoriesHealth
FounderJody Wells
First issueDecember 1992 (1992-12)
Final issue2001
CountryUnited Kingdom
Based inLondon
LanguageEnglish
ISSN1461-1597
OCLC36211346

Favoring pseudoscientific content, the magazine addressed issues related to HIV/AIDS, AIDS denialism, alternative medicine, and themes of interest to the LGBT community. It ran from December 1992 until February 2001 and ceased publication because the editors had died of AIDS-defining clinical conditions.

History

Continuum was created in December 1992 by Jody Wells (12 March 1947 – 26 August 1995) in London, United Kingdom. It ceased publication in 2001, after all the editors died from AIDS-defining clinical conditions,[1] leaving debts of over £14,000.[2] The magazine last appeared in print in 1998 and then surfaced again in February 2001 on the Internet.[2] It was initially published bimonthly, then began to be published seasonally.

According to the magazine:

Continuum began as a newsletter encouraging those affected to empower themselves to make care and treatment choices. As we look further, anomalies in the orthodox view[lower-alpha 1] continue to appear.[3]

Continuum promoted the idea that AIDS was a conspiracy and was not related to HIV. Wells believed that the fear of AIDS was based on homophobia, not science.[4]

Continuum claimed to be a scientific journal for those who had alternative theories about HIV/AIDS, even though it had no peer review and promoted and advertised alternative therapies such as urinotherapy. AIDS denialists often cite the articles published in this journal as a source of scientific information.

Continuum is a unique forum for those in the scientific community challenging the orthodoxy and those whose lives have in some way been touched by the hypothesis.[3]

In the January/February 1996 edition, the magazine began offering £1,000 to the first person who could find a scientific study that showed the isolation of HIV,[5] even though it had been isolated in 1983 by Luc Montagnier and Françoise Barré-Sinoussi[6] (for which they received a Nobel Prize),[7] and then was confirmed by Robert Gallo in 1984,[lower-alpha 2] demonstrating that a retrovirus they had isolated, called HTLV-III in the belief that the virus was related to the leukemia viruses of Gallo's earlier work, was the cause of AIDS.[8] Peter Duesberg tried to claim the prize and wrote an article for the magazine in its July/August 1996 issue,[9] but the award was rejected because it had to meet certain conditions.

Immunity Resource Foundation hosts the complete library of Continuum magazine among an internet database of 120,000 similar documents as of June 2013.[10]

Editors

Jody Wells, founder and editor-in-chief, died at the age of 48 on 26 August 1995, by Pneumocystis pneumonia, an AIDS-defining clinical condition.[11]

Huw Christie Williams was the editor-in-chief after the death of Jody Wells until shortly before his death at the age of 41 on 17 August 2001,[12] by Kaposi's sarcoma, an AIDS-defining clinical condition.[11]

Michael Baumgartner was the acting editor on the last edition of the magazine.[13] At the request of Huw Christie Williams before his death, Baumgartner served as editor for what would ultimately be the final publication before the final closing of the magazine.

Notes
  1. The magazine used words like orthodoxy, orthodox view and hypothesis, to refer to the established fact by the international scientific community that the HIV is the cause of AIDS, the HIV/AIDS exists, and that HIV can be spread via sexual, vertical and parenteral means.
  2. The four papers are,
    • Popovic M, Sarngadharan MG, Read E, Gallo RC (May 1984). "Detection, isolation, and continuous production of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS". Science. 224 (4648): 497–500. Bibcode:1984Sci...224..497P. doi:10.1126/science.6200935. PMID 6200935.
    • Gallo RC, Salahuddin SZ, Popovic M, Shearer GM, Kaplan M, Haynes BF, Palker TJ, Redfield R, Oleske J, Safai B, et al. (May 1984). "Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS". Science. 224 (4648): 500–3. Bibcode:1984Sci...224..500G. doi:10.1126/science.6200936. PMID 6200936.
    • Schüpbach J, Popovic M, Gilden RV, Gonda MA, Sarngadharan MG, Gallo RC (May 1984). "Serological analysis of a subgroup of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) associated with AIDS". Science. 224 (4648): 503–5. Bibcode:1984Sci...224..503S. doi:10.1126/science.6200937. PMID 6200937.
    • Sarngadharan MG, Popovic M, Bruch L, Schüpbach J, Gallo RC (May 1984). "Antibodies reactive with human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) in the serum of patients with AIDS". Science. 224 (4648): 506–8. Bibcode:1984Sci...224..506S. doi:10.1126/science.6324345. PMID 6324345.

References
  1. "How to spot an AIDS denialist". Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  2. "Continuum vol6 No". Summer–Autumn 2001. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  3. "Continuum v3.6" (PDF). Continuum Magazine. 3 (6). March–April 1996. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  4. "13 AIDS denialists who have died of AIDS". 21 September 2010. Archived from the original on 6 March 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  5. "Continuum v3.5" (PDF). Continuum Magazine. 3 (5). January–February 1996. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  6. Barré-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, Nugeyre MT, Chamaret S, Gruest J, Dauguet C, Axler-Blin C, Vezinet-Brun F, Rouzioux C, Rozenbaum W, Montagnier L (1983). "Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". Science. 220 (4599): 868–871. Bibcode:1983Sci...220..868B. doi:10.1126/science.6189183. PMID 6189183.
  7. "Nobel prize for viral discoveries". BBC News. 6 October 2008. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  8. Hilts, Philip (13 November 1993). "U.S. Drops Misconduct Case Against an AIDS Researcher". The New York Times.
  9. "Continuum vol4 No 2 July/August 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  10. "Aims of The Immunity Resource Foundation". Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
  11. "AIDS denialists who have died". Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  12. "Obituario de Huw Christie Williams". Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  13. "Continuum last edition". Retrieved 15 January 2013.
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