Corallorhiza

Corallorhiza, the coralroot, is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family. Except for the circumboreal C. trifida,[2] the genus is restricted to North America (including Mexico, Central America and the West Indies).[1][3][4][5]

Corallorhiza
Corallorhiza trifida
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Epidendreae
Subtribe: Calypsoinae
Genus: Corallorhiza
Gagnebin
Type species
Corallorhiza trifida
Châtel.
Synonyms[1]
  • Cladorhiza Raf.
  • Rhizocorallon Hall in H.B.Ruppius
  • Corallorrhiza Gagnebin, spelling variation

Most species are putatively parasitic, relying entirely upon mycorrhizal fungi within their coral-shaped rhizomes for sustenance. Because of this dependence on myco-heterotrophy, they have never been successfully cultivated. Most species are leafless and rootless. Most species produce little or no chlorophyll, and do not utilize photosynthesis. An exception is the yellowish green species Corallorhiza trifida, which has some chlorophyll and is able to fix CO2. However, this species also depends primarily on fungal associations for carbon acquisition.[6][7]

List of species

Many species names have been proposed that are now considered synonyms of other species, or members of other genera. Species accepted as members of Corallorhiza as of May 2014:[1][8]

  1. Corallorhiza bentleyi Freudenst. - Virginia, West Virginia
  2. Corallorhiza bulbosa A.Rich. & Galeotti - Mexico, Guatemala
  3. Corallorhiza ekmanii Mansf. - Haiti, Dominican Republic
  4. Corallorhiza macrantha Schltr. - Puebla, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Guatemala
  5. Corallorhiza maculata Raf. - widespread across much of Canada, the United States, Mexico and Guatemala
  6. Corallorhiza mertensiana Bong. - Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Washington, Idaho, California, Wyoming
  7. Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. - eastern United States and Canada, from Texas to Florida, north to South Dakota, Ontario, Quebec and Maine
  8. Corallorhiza striata Lindl. - much of Canada and Mexico; northern and western United States
  9. Corallorhiza trifida Châtel - Canada; northern and western United States; widespread across Europe and Asia including Russia, China, Korea, the Himalayas, Ukraine, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom etc.
  10. Corallorhiza williamsii Correll - Morelos, El Salvador
  11. Corallorhiza wisteriana Conrad - Mexico and much of the United States

See also

References
  1. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. Altervista Flora Italiana, Coralloriza, Yellow Coralroot, Corallorhiza trifida
  3. Flora of North America, Corallorhiza, v 26 p 633
  4. Freudenstein, J. V. 1997. A monograph of Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae). Harvard Pap. Bot. 1(10): 5–51.
  5. Gagnebin, Abraham. 1755. Acta Helvetica, Physico-Mathematico-Anatomico-Botanico-Medica 2: 61.
  6. Zimmer, K., et al. (2008). The ectomycorrhizal specialist orchid Corallorhiza trifida is a partial myco-heterotroph. New Phytologist 178:2 395-400.
  7. Cameron, Duncan D.; Preiss, Katja; Gebauer, Gerhard; Read, David J. (2009-07-01). "The chlorophyll-containing orchid Corallorhiza trifida derives little carbon through photosynthesis". New Phytologist. 183 (2): 358–364. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02853.x. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 19402877.
  8. Biota of North America Program
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