Cragg Vale Coiners

Led by "King" David Hartley Turvin, the Coiners obtained real coins from publicans, sometimes on the promise that they could "grow" the investment by smelting the original metals with base ores. They removed the coins' genuine edges and milled them again, collecting the shavings. The coins were only slightly smaller. They then melted down the shavings to produce counterfeits. Designs were punched into the blank "coins" with a hammer and a "coining kit". The Coiners then had their accomplices place the fakes into circulation. Most of the counterfeit coins had French, Spanish or Portuguese designs.

The Cragg Coiners were so successful because the region of Yorkshire they operated within was isolated from centralised England.

In 1769, William Dighton (Deighton), a public official, investigated the possibilities of a counterfeiting gang in Cragg Vale. A Coiner by the name of James Broadbent betrayed the gang by turning King's evidence and revealing the gang's existence and operations to authorities. Dighton had Hartley arrested.

The arrest made the Coiners vengeful. Isaac Hartley, "King" David's brother, engineered a plan to have Dighton killed. On 10 November 1769, two farm hands employed by the Coiners, Matthew Normanton and Robert Thomas, ambushed Dighton in Halifax and shot him in Bull Close Lane.

Charles Watson-Wentworth (the Marquess of Rockingham and former Prime Minister) was tasked with hunting down the killers. He had thirty Coiners arrested by Christmas Day. David Hartley was hanged at 'York Tyburn' near York on 28 April 1770, and buried in the village of Heptonstall, West Riding of Yorkshire. His brother, Isaac, escaped the authorities and lived until 1815. As for Dighton's murderers, Normanton was hanged on 15 April 1775 and Thomas was hanged on 6 August 1774.[1]

• David Hartley Turvin, who lived at a farm called Bell House, was the leader of the gang.
• Thomas Sunderland, Joseph Shaw and a Mr. Lightoulers were engravers for the Coiners.
• James Broadbent, the confessor.
• Other Coiners included John Wilcock, Thomas Clayton, Matthew Normanton, Thomas Spencer and James Oldfield.

The Cragg Coiners were the subject of a children's novel Gold Pieces by Phyllis Bentley. The story is seen through the eyes of a fictitious twelve-year-old boy who lives nearby and who befriends the son of David Hartley. All the places and the main characters such as David Hartley and William Dighton are given their real names. Gold Pieces was reprinted in 2007.

The story of the gang was used as a basis in the independently published graphic novel, The Last Coiner, written by Peter M. Kershaw. David Hartley is renamed "David Hawksworth" and is portrayed, through manipulated photography, by the actor Keith Patrick. There is an anticipated feature film to be completed.

The Chumbawamba song, Snip Snip Snip, from the album Shhh, is inspired by the story of the Cragg Coiners.

The story of the coiners is told in a song called King of the Coiners written by UK singer/songwriter/guitarist Steve Tilston published in his 2008 album Ziggurat.

During an episode of BBC 1 ‘Last Tango in Halifax’, (series 4, episode 1 which was first shown at 9pm on 19 December 2016) the story was part of an evening dinner conversation at Caroline McKenzie-Dawson's (played by Sarah Lancashire) new house. One of the characters (Harry played by Paul Copley) retold the story of the Crag Valley Coiners and mentioned that Mattew Turnton was known to haunt the house.

The story of David Hartley and the coiners is the subject of a researched novel entitled The Gallows Pole by author Ben Myers, published in 2017. It received a Roger Deakin award for writing concerned with "natural history, landscape and environment" and won the Walter Scott Prize 2018, the world's biggest prize for historical fiction. It has been translated into several languages.

• "Coiners could soon be back in Calderdale". Halifax Courier. 5 October 2006.
• Laing, Duncan (29 November 2006). "Telling the Coiners' story". BBC North Yorkshire.

• "Crag Coiners", The Mytholmroyd Net.