Crimson-mantled woodpecker

Crimson-mantled woodpecker
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Piciformes
Family:	Picidae
Genus:	Colaptes
Species:	C. rivolii
Binomial name
	Colaptes rivolii; (Boissonneau, 1840)[1]
Synonyms
	Piculus rivolii (Boissonneau, 1840)

The crimson-mantled woodpecker (Colaptes rivolii) is a bird species in the woodpecker family (Picidae). It was formerly placed in the genus Piculus but moved to the genus Colaptes after mitochondrial DNA sequencing.[2][3] Its scientific name, rivolii, honors French ornithologist François Victor Masséna, second Duke of Rivoli and third Prince of Essling.[4]

The sex of the species can be determined by the crown and malar. The males carry a dark red malar with a red crown, while the females have both a black malar and crown.[3] Breeding times are largely unknown, with different scientific reports spotting nests from January all the way to November. [3]

Its diet consists of arthropods such as ants, a spider, a millipede, and beetle larvae, along with fruits such as melastomes and rubiacs (going out of its way to avoid the invasive gorse).[5] Its foraging behavior is to search for prey along moss- and lichen-covered trees, leaf stems, rotting trunks, and on the ground in small clearings.[3]

Song

All subspecies, with the exception of atriceps, have a quiet rapid monotone kee'r'r-ker'r-ke'r'r" call, whereas atriceps has been described as more of a churr ... grr'r'r'r'l".[3]

Distribution

It is found in, and native to, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.[3] Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It primarily stays within the elevation 1,800m-3,500m above sea level, but there have been sightings as far down as 700m.[3]

Subspecies

Five subspecies are recognized:

C. r. quindiuna (Chapman 1923)
C. r. rivolii (Boissonneau 1840)
C. r. meridae (Chapman 1923)
C. r. brevirostris (Taczanowski 1874)
C. r. atriceps (Sclater and Salvin 1876)

References

BirdLife International (2012). "Colaptes rivolii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Benz, Brett W.; Robbins, Mark B.; Peterson, A. Townsend (2006). "Evolutionary history of woodpeckers and allies (Aves: Picidae): Placing key taxa on the phylogenetic tree". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (2): 389–399. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.021. PMID 16635580.
Schulenberg, Thomas S. (2011-06-17). "Crimson-mantled Woodpecker (Colaptes rivolii)". Neotropical Birds. doi:10.2173/nb.crmwoo2.01.
Jobling, James A. (2010). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, UK: Christopher Helm. pp. 336–337. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Amaya-Villarreal, Ángela (November 2010). "Effects of Gorse (Ulex europaeus) on the birds of a high Andean forest edge". Ornitología Colombiana. No. 10: 11–25.

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[IUCN2012-1] BirdLife International (2012). "Colaptes rivolii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

[Benz-2] Benz, Brett W.; Robbins, Mark B.; Peterson, A. Townsend (2006). "Evolutionary history of woodpeckers and allies (Aves: Picidae): Placing key taxa on the phylogenetic tree". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (2): 389–399. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.021. PMID 16635580.

[:0-3] Schulenberg, Thomas S. (2011-06-17). "Crimson-mantled Woodpecker (Colaptes rivolii)". Neotropical Birds. doi:10.2173/nb.crmwoo2.01.

[Jobling-4] Jobling, James A. (2010). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, UK: Christopher Helm. pp. 336–337. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[5] Amaya-Villarreal, Ángela (November 2010). "Effects of Gorse (Ulex europaeus) on the birds of a high Andean forest edge". Ornitología Colombiana. No. 10: 11–25.