Culture of Jharkhand

The Indian state of Jharkhand is located in the eastern part of the country and is known for its vivid culture,distinct paintings, traditions and festivals.

Languages

Hindi is official language of Jharkhand. There are many regional and tribal languages in Jharkhand.[1]

The regional languages that belong to the Indo-Aryan branch; in Jharkhand, they are Khortha, Nagpuri, and Kudmali spoken by the Sadan. Other Indo-Aryan languages include Bhojpuri, Magahi, Maithili, Bengali, and Odia. The languages that belong to the Austroasiatic branch are Mundari, Santali, and Ho. The languages that belong to the Dravidian language family are Kurukh and Malto.

Cuisine
See also: Cuisine of Jharkhand

The staple foods in Jharkhand are rice, dal, vegetables, and tubers. Some dishes include Chilka roti, Pilts Malpua, Dhuska, Arsa roti, and Litti Chokha. Rugra (a type of mushroom) and bamboo shoots are also used as vegetables.[2][3] The leaves of the Munga tree (Moringa oleifera) and the Koinar tree (Bauhinia variegata) are used as leafy vegetables or Saag.[4]

Local alcoholic drinks are Handia made from rice and Mahua daru made from flowers of the Mahua tree.[5][6][7]

Festivals

Karam
Main article: Karam (festival)

Karam is a major native festival of Jharkhand. It is celebrated on the 11th day of a full moon of the month of Bhado by the Sadan (Khortha, Nagpuri, Kurmali-speaking ethnic group) and the tribal (Munda, Santal and Kurukh) people of Jharkhand.[8] During this festival, people bring branches of the Karam tree to the village and then place them on the ground. The branches are washed with milk and handia, and decorated with garlands, curd, rice, flowers and grains.

Jitia
Main article: Jivitputrika

During the festival of Jitia, mothers fast for the well being of their children. It is celebrated from the seventh to the ninth lunar day of Krishna-Paksha, in the month of Ashwin.

Nawakhani

Nawakhani is an important festival that occurs in Jharkhand. During this festival, grains are eaten following the harvest.

Sohrai/Bandna
Main article: Sohrai

Sohrai is a cattle festival of Jharkhand's. It is celebrated during the Amavasya of the month of Kartik. It coincides with the Diwali festival. People fast throughout the day, and bathe their cattle. In the evening, sacrifices are offered to the cattle deity.[9]

Phaguwa

Phaguwa, or Holi, is the spring festival which falls in the month of Phalgun. In spring, people collect sal flower blossoms and place them on their roofs. There are special songs and dances for this festival.

Sarna

The Sarna is sacred grove. The worship of gaon khunt/gram deoti takes place in Sarna twice a year before sowing seeds and harvesting. In this festival, villagers offer sacrifices to their respective village deity or Gramdev in their sacred grove for good harvest.

Other festivals

Other festivals include but are not limited to the Tussu, Vaha, Sarhul, and Dussehra festivals.[10]

Folk dances
Main article: Folk dances of Jharkhand

There are several folk dances in Jharkhand, including Jhumair, Domkach, Lahasua, Vinsariya, Jhumta, Fagua, Painki, and Chhau.[11]

  • Jhumair: Being a popular folk dance in Jharkhand, it is performed during harvest and festival season in which people hold hands and dance in circles. It is folk dance of Sadan, native Indo-Aryan ethinic groups of Jharkhand. The musical instruments used in this festival include Mandar, Dhol, Bansi, Nagara, Dhak, Shehnai, and Khartal. There are varieties to this dance, such as Khortha Jhumair, Nagpuri Jhumair, and Kurmali Jhumair. The Nagpuri version also have Mardani Jhumair and Janani Jhumair as varieties.
  • Domkach: A Nagpuri folk dance performed by the family of the bridegroom on the occasion of marriage. The theme of the songs carried in this dance is satirical. Some of the many songs played are ek haria, dohri, adh ratia, bihanwa.
  • Painki: Also known as Paika is a nagpuri martial dance performed by men wearing ghungroos. The dance is composed of sword and shield carrying accompanied by music played on the Nagara, Dhak, and Shehnai.
  • Chhau dance: A semi-classical dance with martial, tribal, and folk traditions. Seraikella Chhau is found in Seraikella district of Jharkhand.
  • Mundari dance: A dance performed by the Munda tribe during harvest and festival season.
  • Santali dance: A dance performed by the Santal tribe during harvest and festival season.

Musical instruments used include Mandar, Dholki, Bansi, Nagara, Dhak, Shehnai, Khartal, and Narsinga, among others.

Paintings

Sahrai painting is performed during the Sohrai festival. Various designs are painted in courtyards and on walls.[12]

Tattoo

The local tattoo tradition of Godna is an essential part of local tradition.[13]

Cinema
Main article: Cinema of Jharkhand

Jharkhand produces many films in regional languages, including Nagpuri, Khortha, Santali, Ho, and Kurukh.[14] The first feature film of Jharkhand was Aakarant, made under the banner of Drishyantar International in 1988. The first Nagpuri film was Sona Kar Nagpur (1994), produced and directed by Dhananjay Nath Tiwari.[15][16][17][18]

References
  1. http://www.jharkhandonline.in/about/profile/culture
  2. "10 Dishes of Cuisine of Jharkhand you must try at least once in Life". Great Indian Food. 30 September 2016. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  3. "::Jharkhand Tourism::Cusines". www.jharkhandtourism.in. Archived from the original on 2017-02-26. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  4. https://indianvagabond.com/2016/04/15/tribal-food-of-chota-nagpur/
  5. "Hadia is a popular beverage of Jharkhand | Rice Knowledge Management Portal – Rice, Paddy, Dhan, Chawal, Rice Research Domain, Rice Extension Domain, Rice Farmers Domain, Rice General Domain, Rice Service Domain, RKMP, Rice in India, Rice Government Schemes, Rice ITKs, Rice FLDs, Rice Package of Practices". www.rkmp.co.in. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  6. "The Telegraph – Calcutta : Jharkhand". www.telegraphindia.com. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  7. "High time to make most of mahua – Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 2017-02-09. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  8. "{title}". Archived from the original on 2016-03-27. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  9. "{title}". Archived from the original on 2018-10-30. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  10. Khanna, Dr. C. L. (September 2010). {title}. ISBN 9788174822468. Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  11. http://jharkhandtourism.gov.in/content/explore/art
  12. Khanna, Dr. C. L. (September 2010). {title}. ISBN 9788174822468. Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  13. Khanna, Dr. C. L. (September 2010). {title}. ISBN 9788174822468. Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  14. "{title}". Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  15. "Jharkhand.org.in | The public website of Jharkhand State". Forum.jharkhand.org.in. Retrieved 2018-11-10.
  16. our correspondent (2018-11-10). "6-day fest for 100 years' party". In.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
  17. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sona+Kar+Nagpur%22#d=gs_qabs&p=&u=%23p%3DttuPOghA_VEJ
  18. https://curazy.blogspot.com/2016/05/list-film-industries-name-world.html
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