Cuneo

Cuneo was founded in 1198 by the local population, who declared it an independent commune, freeing themselves from the authority of the bishops of Asti and the marquisses of Montferrat and Saluzzo. In 1210, the latter occupied it, and in 1231 the Cuneesi rebelled. In 1238, they were recognized as a free commune by Emperor Frederick II.

In 1259, the independence of Cuneo ceased forever, as it gave itself, also to take protection against its more powerful neighbours, to Charles I of Anjou, who was then King of Naples and Count of Provence. Together with Alba, it was the main Angevine possession in Northern Italy; Angevine rule interrupted by periods under the control of Saluzzo, Savoy, and the [[Visconti of Milan) was ended in 1382 when Cuneo was acquired by the Duchy of Savoy.

Cuneo became an important stronghold of the expanding Savoy state. The city was thus besieged several times by France: first in 1515 by Swiss troops of Francis I of France, then again in 1542, 1557, 1639, 1641, 1691 and, during the War of the Austrian Succession, in 1741. Cuneo resisted each siege successfully. The city was taken by France only during the Napoleonic Wars and was made the capital of the Stura department. After the restoration of the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the unification of Italy, Cuneo became the capital of its namesake province in 1859.

During World War II, from 1943 to 1945, it was one of the main centres of partisan resistance against the German occupation of Italy. In 1943, Cuneo's Jewish residents were briefly arrested and imprisoned at the nearby Borgo San Dalmazzo concentration camp by the order of Minister of the Interior Guido Buffarini Guidi. They were freed before the Minister's orders came into effect and most community members fled Cuneo into hiding. However, on December 9, 1944, the Cuneo Police Department reopened the camp and imprisoned the remaining Jewish residents of Cuneo most of whom were then deported to Auschwitz. Few survived according to reports. Italian partisans liberated Cuneo from the German and Italian fascist occupation on April 25, 1945. The retreating fascist forces murdered the remaining six Jewish prisoners being held at Cuneo's local prison.[4][5][6][7]

• Villa Oldofredi Tadini, built in the 14th and 15th centuries as a watchtower. It is now a museum housing collections of the owners, the Mocchia and Oldofredi Tadini families.
• Villa Tornaforte, surrounded by an English-style park.
• Civic Museum
• Railway Museum
• Churches of Santa Croce, San Giovanni Decollato and Santissima Annunziata, housing paintings by Giovan Francesco Gaggini.
• Panoramic funicular that connects plateau to Gesso river.[8]
• Monument of Stura and Gesso in Torino Square
• The median way of the plateau (Rome Avenue, Galimberti Square and Nice Avenue): the commercial heart of Cuneo.[9]
• New Bridge (Ponte Nuovo) between the center of the city and Madonna dell' Olmo
• Monument at Peano's curve
• Palazzo Uffici Finanziari (PUF), highest edifice in the city at about 50 metres (160 ft)[10]

Most important and populated: Centro storico, Cuneo centro, Cuneo nuova, San Paolo, Donatello, Gramsci, San Rocco, Cerialdo, Confreria and Borgo San Giuseppe.[11]

Cuneo has a temperate sub-continental climate, with cold winters and hot, dry summers. However, it is situated more than 500 metres (1,640 feet) above sea level, which helps to make summers more bearable: the hottest month, July, has an average temperature of 21.6 °C (70.9 °F). The coldest, January, averages 1.7 °C (35.1 °F). Annual precipitation is about 962 mm (37.9 in), distributed over 81 days. The rainfall pattern is similar to that of Turin, with two maxima—one primary and one secondary (spring and autumn) and two minima (summer and winter). The driest month is July, 44 millimetres (1.7 in). Snowfalls are frequent owing to high elevation and wind patterns.

Cuneo's specialty is Cuneesi al rhum, small meringues with dark chocolate coating and a rum-based chocolate filling. They are a creation of Andrea Arione (1923), who also registered the name, and sold them in the bar still located in the central square, Piazza Galimberti; another claim makes them a creation of pastry chef Pietro Galletti from Dronero. Another specialty is "raviolini al plin", a small ravioli pasta made with meat and vegetables. The most famous brand there is Pastificio Boetti, also located close to the central square.

• Venchi
• Ferrero SpA
• Cemetery

• Corrado Carena "il bambino" (born 1979), drummer of the Montreal-based band The kicking bambinos, failed soccer player and whiskey ginger lover.
• Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa (1783–1825), early Risorgimento leader.
• Franco Andrea Bonelli (1784–1830), ornithologist, entomologist and collector.
• Giuseppe Peano (1858–1932), mathematician.
• Giovanni Battista Ceirano 1860 - automobile pioneer, joint founder of Ceirano, Well-Eyes bicycles, Well-Eyes cars - the first F.I.A.T., SCAT (Società Ceirano Automobili Torino)
• Matteo Ceirano 1870 - automobile pioneer, joint founder of Itala Fabrica Automobile and S.P.A. (Società Piemontese Automobili)
• Ernesto Ceirano 1875 - Winner of 1911 and 1914 Targa Florio in SCAT automobiles.
• Giorgio Federico Ghedini (1892–1965), composer.
• Tancredi "Duccio" Galimberti (in Italian) (1906–1944), a lawyer, against fascists, Italian National Hero.
• Nuto Revelli (1919–2004), partisan and writer.[12]
• Cesare Damiano (born 1948), politician.
• Carlo Petrini (born 22 June 1949), born in the province of Cuneo in the commune of Bra in Italy, is the founder of the International Slow Food Movement. In 2004, he founded the University of Gastronomic Sciences, a school intended to bridge the gap between agriculture and gastronomy.
• Piergiorgio Odifreddi (born 1950), mathematician, logician and aficionado of the history of science.
• Alviero Martini (born 1950), fashion designer.
• Celestino Migliore (born 1952) Papal diplomat.
• Livia Turco (born 1955), politician.
• Michele Ferrero (1925–2015) patriarch of Italian chocolate dynasty Ferrero Group. He inherited the company from his father Pietro in the 1950s and turned it into one of the world's largest confectionery makers, whose brands include Ferrero Rocher hazelnut chocolates, Nutella and Tic Tac.

Cuneo is twinned with:[13]

• Santa Fe, Argentina
• Nice, France
• Richard Toll, Senegal
• Fürstenberg/Havel, Germany

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cuneo.

• Cuneo homepage, comune.cuneo.it (in Italian)
• Parco Fluviale Gesso e Stura, www.parcofluvialegessostura.it (in Italian)