Dan (son of Jacob)

According to the Book of Genesis, Dan (Hebrew: דָּן‎, Dān, "judgment" or "he judged") was the fifth son of Jacob and the first son of Bilhah.[2] He was the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Dan. In the biblical account, Dan's mother is described as Rachel's handmaid, who becomes one of Jacob's wives. (Book of Genesis, Genesis 30:1–6)

For the place, see Dan (ancient city).
Dan
דָּן
Painting by Francisco de Zurbarán (from Jacob and his twelve sons, c. 1640–45)
PronunciationDan
ChildrenHushim (son)[1]
Parents
RelativesReuben (half brother)

Simeon (half brother)
Levi (half brother)
Judah (half brother)
Issachar (half brother)
Zebulun (half brother)
Naphtali (brother)
Gad (half brother)
Asher (half brother)
Joseph (half brother)
Benjamin (half brother)

Dinah (half sister)

He was the father of Hushim, according to Gen 46:23. Samson was a descendant of Dan.

Name

The text of the Torah explains that the name of Dan derives from dananni, meaning "he has judged me", in reference to Rachel's belief that she had gained a child as the result of a judgment from God.[3]

Biblical references

Owing to the Book of Judges, in the account of Micah's Idol, describing the tribe of Dan as having used ephod and teraphim in worship, and Samson (a member of the tribe of Dan) being described as failing to adhere to the rules of a Nazarite, classical rabbinical writers concluded that Dan was very much a black sheep.[4] In the Book of Jeremiah, the north of Canaan is associated with darkness and evil,[5] and so rabbinical sources treated Dan as the archetype of wickedness.[4]

In the apocryphal Testaments of the Patriarchs, Dan is portrayed as having hated Joseph, and having been the one that invented the idea of deceiving Jacob by the smearing of Joseph's coat with the blood of a kid.[6][7][8] In the apocryphal Prayer of Asenath, Dan is portrayed as plotting with the Egyptian crown prince, against Joseph and Asenath.[4] In the Blessing of Jacob, Dan is described as a serpent, which seems to have been interpreted as connecting Dan to Belial,[4] a connection made, for example, in the apocryphal Testament of Dan.[9]

Early Christian writers, such as Irenaeus and Hippolytus, even believed that the Antichrist would come from the tribe of Dan[10][11] drawing the belief from a verse from the Book of Jeremiah which states "the snorting of [the enemy's] horses was heard from Dan".[4][12]

John the Apostle omits the tribe of Dan when mentioning the twelve tribes of the sons of Israel, in regard to the 144,000 sealed Israelites.[13] Instead of Dan, the tribe of Joseph appears twice (being also represented by Manasseh).

Family tree
Terah
Sarah[14]AbrahamHagarHaran
Nahor
IshmaelMilcahLotIscah
Ishmaelites7 sons[15]Bethuel1st daughter2nd daughter
IsaacRebeccaLabanMoabitesAmmonites
EsauJacobRachel
Bilhah
EdomitesZilpah
Leah
1. Reuben
2. Simeon
3. Levi
4. Judah
9. Issachar
10. Zebulun
Dinah (daughter)		7. Gad
8. Asher		5. Dan
6. Naphtali		11. Joseph
12. Benjamin

See also

References
  1. Genesis 46:23
  2. Genesis 30:3–4
  3. Genesis 30:6
  4. Jewish Encyclopedia
  5. Jeremiah 1:14
  6. Testament of Dan 1
  7. Testament of Zebulun 4
  8. Testament of Gad 1
  9. Testament of Dan, 5
  10. Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses,
  11. Hippolytus, Of Christ and Antichrist
  12. Jeremiah 8:16
  13. Revelation 7:5–8
  14. Genesis 20:12: Sarah was the half–sister of Abraham.
  15. Genesis 22:21-22: Uz, Buz, Kemuel, Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, and Jidlaph
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