Decorah Shale

Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Upper Midwest, USA; Dates are approximate, and deposition occurred at slightly different times in different areas;
	Ordovician :Maquoketa Group (446–440 Ma) :Galena Group (454–446 Ma) Platteville Limestone / Group (455–454 Ma) ; Ancell Group (454–455 Ma) ; Glenwood Shale (~455 Ma) ; St. Peter Sandstone (~459–~455 Ma) ; --- Major Erosional Unconformity --- ; :Knox Supergroup Cambrian; :Knox Supergroup (ct'd) Potsdam Supergroup/Potsdam Sandstone Megagroup; Munising Group; Davis Formation; Franconia Formation; Ironton Sandstone; Galesville Sandstone; Eau Claire Formation; Mount Simon Sandstone;

Decorah Shale
Stratigraphic range: Ordovician
Decorah Shale; Stratigraphic range: Ordovician
	Decorah Shale exposed in Decorah, Iowa. The Decorah is gray; above it is the brown Cummingsville Formation.]]
Type	Formation
Underlies	Galena Group
Overlies	Platteville Formation
Location
Country	United States
Extent	Minnesota

The Decorah Shale is a fossiliferous shale that makes up the lowermost formation in the Galena Group. The Decorah lies above the Platteville Limestone and below the Cummingsville Formation in the sedimentary sequence that formed from the shallow sea that covered central North America during Ordovician Time. The Decorah consists of three members (from bottom to top): Spechts Ferry, Guttenberg, and Ion.[1] The Spechts Ferry member is organic-rich and suggests a large influx of terrigenous sediment during deposition. The Guttenberg is characterized by nodular calcareous beds and contains several K-bentonite deposits. The Ion Member, present in the southern Decorah in Iowa, is characterized by alternating beds of shale and limestone.

Where it crops out in the Upper Midwest, especially in the Twin Cities, the Decorah is a popular stratum for amateur fossil collecting. It contains trilobites, brachiopods, horn corals, gastropods, crinoids, and large numbers of bryozoans.[2] Cephalopods may also be found in the lower layers of the Decorah Shale.

References

Thompson, Thomas L., 2001, Lexicon of Stratigraphic Nomenclature in Missouri, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey, Report of Investigation Number 73, p. 80
Mossler, J. and Benson, S., 1995, 1999, 2006, Fossil Collecting in the Twin Cities Area. Minnesota at a Glance: Minnesota Geological Survey: University of Minnesota.

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[Thompson-1] Thompson, Thomas L., 2001, Lexicon of Stratigraphic Nomenclature in Missouri, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey, Report of Investigation Number 73, p. 80

[TC-2] Mossler, J. and Benson, S., 1995, 1999, 2006, Fossil Collecting in the Twin Cities Area. Minnesota at a Glance: Minnesota Geological Survey: University of Minnesota.