Deliveroo

Deliveroo, headquartered in London, was founded in 2013 by Will Shu and Greg Orlowski.[7] The company makes revenue by charging restaurants a commission fee, as well as by charging customers a per-order fee.[8] It operates in two hundred cities[4] in the UK, and in The Netherlands, France, Belgium, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Australia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Hong Kong.

Customers place orders through its app or website, then self-employed[9] bicycle or motorcycle couriers transport orders from restaurants to them.

In November 2017, Deliveroo introduced Deliveroo Plus, a subscription service which gives customers in the UK unlimited free delivery[10]

Deliveroo works with some of the biggest chain restaurants across the UK, with the majority being available exclusively on the Deliveroo app along with thousands of independent restaurants.[11][12] On 16 November 2016, it became known that the brewing company Heineken International had closed a deal for Deliveroo to deliver the latter's beers and ciders, initially across 15 sites in London, Bath and Cardiff. This delivery deal, whose activities started that same week, was considered the biggest one of its kind (that is, with regards to the brewing industry). Further expansion of these activities across the UK were planned by the end of the year 2017.[13][14]

In January 2017, Deliveroo announced plans to create 300 tech jobs in the U.K. when it opened its new head office in London later in 2017. Also in January 2017, the British-born company employed more than 1,000 full-time staff.[15]

In April 2017, Deliveroo's Editions kitchens launched. These delivery-only kitchens, sometimes known as ghost restaurants, allow restaurants to access customers in locations without needing High Street premises, thereby reducing set-up costs compared to a full-service restaurant. Deliveroo uses its data to identify areas where customer demand for certain cuisines is high and predicts which restaurants are likely to succeed there.[16][17]

In mid-June 2016, the founders of Deliveroo, Will Shu and Greg Orlowski received an award for the "Best Startup Founders" as part of "The Europas Startup Conference and Awards", mainly given to technology companies. The company also received Fastest Rising Startup of the Year and the Europas Grand Prix award.[18]

Deliveroo recorded a loss of £1.4m for the year 2015. Mid-November 2016, the company reported a loss of £18.1 million for that year. In September 2017, Deliveroo recorded a growth in global revenue of 611% in 2016, with sales of £128.6 million, while "losses soared from £30.1m to £129.1m".[19][20]

Deliveroo cyclist in the UK

Deliveroo provides the delivery service as well as marketing and order taking, allowing it to provide food from restaurants that do not normally offer a delivery service. In a press release of May 2016, the German Bar Association (German: Der Deutsche Anwaltverein) informed the public that delivery companies such as Deliveroo, Take Eat Easy or Foodora are legally responsible for problems about the quality of the food, not the restaurants themselves.[21]

As of 2020, Deliveroo has not yet made a profit. It loses money on every single delivery it makes.[6]

By mid 2020, Deliveroo hadn't benefited from the COVID-19 pandemic, when demand for food delivery from restaurants and takeaways surged. Deliveroo reported to be cutting 367 jobs (and furloughing 50 more) from its workforce of 2,500.[22] The company's nominal reasoning is that coronavirus will be followed by an economic downturn, which could hit orders.[22]

In December 2017, a study by macroeconomic consultancy Capital Economics revealed that Deliveroo had helped create 7,200 jobs across the restaurant sector since it launched in 2013. It also boosted the industry's revenue by £460 million in the year to June 2017. The report also found that Deliveroo had helped add £372 million in value to the UK economy in the same 12-month period, a figure which Capital Economics projects to rise to £1.5 billion in the year to June 2019.[23]

Deliveroo's main competitors are Just Eat, GrubHub and UberEATS.[24]

Early June 2016, the German Hotel and Catering Association (German: Deutscher Hotel- und Gaststättenverband) cautioned for delivery services such as Deliveroo or Foodora (a competitor using almost an identical business model; and at that time almost equally present in Germany), claiming that they attack their value chain without respect. In this warning, the Association wanted to prevent the market for food delivery services starting to resemble that of hotels, where businesses have become dependent on booking portals such as Booking.com or HRS but are unsatisfied with the commission fees charged by those portals.[25]

In 2017, Just Eat announced that they were planning to compete with Deliveroo by moving into the restaurant chain market, working with local independent restaurants and chains.[26]

One media article reported that in early August 2016, Deliveroo had 800 employees,[27] while another article of around the same date reported there were 6,500 riders working with by the company.[28] On 8 September 2016, Financial Times reported that 20,000 self-employed couriers were working for Deliveroo.[2] In September 2017 Deliveroo confirmed that the company works with 30,000 riders across the globe.[29]

On 7 September 2016, the Deliveroo website and application crashed in the city of Chelmsford, reportedly due to a high demand on the first night of launching its service in that city.[30]

On Tuesday 1 November 2016, at around 8 pm (GMT), technical problems caused the Deliveroo system to go offline for around an hour. Reportedly, thousands of customers who had already paid for their orders got upset due to a lack of clear communication being provided by the company during the incident, with some customers having to wait hours to get their food delivered.[31][32][33][34]

During periods when the system is down, and therefore no deliveries are available for riders, Deliveroo pays riders a flat rate per hour until the system is restored.[35]

In June 2014, Deliveroo raised a £2.75 million series A investment round from Index Ventures and Hoxton Ventures, as well as an assortment of angel investors.[36] In January 2015, Roofoods Ltd, doing business as Deliveroo, received $25 million in series B funding led by Accel with participation from Index Ventures, Hummingbird Ventures and Hoxton Ventures at an estimated valuation of $100 million.[37] At this time, Deliveroo was providing deliveries for approximately 750 restaurants. In July of that year, it secured a further $70 million in series C investment from Index Ventures and Greenoaks Capital, marking Deliveroo's third funding round in a year.

In November 2015, Deliveroo raised $100 million in Series D Funding.[24] In August 2016, Deliveroo raised a Series E of $275 million from the hedge fund Bridgepoint.[38]

In September 2017, the company announced a $385 million Series F round. In November of the same year, An additional $98 million was announced, bringing the total round to $480 million.[39]

In May 2019, the company announced a $575 million Series G round led by Amazon, bringing the total round to $1.35 billion raised to date.[40]

In October 2016 Prime Minister Theresa May announced a review into employment practices in the modern economy,[41] chaired by Chief Executive of the RSA Matthew Taylor. The review was criticised as corrupt as it was revealed by the Financial Times that one of its members held shares in Deliveroo, a fact that was not disclosed to the public.[42] In its submission[43] to the review, Deliveroo called on the Government to update legislation to allow the company to offer its riders rights - such as injury pay and sick pay - without limiting the flexibility which comes with self-employment. The company was the first in the on-demand economy to break ranks and ask for changes in legislation to enable it to offer self-employed riders more benefits.[44] Deliveroo argued that current employment legislation means companies in the on-demand economy are forced to choose between offering riders flexible work and benefits. Deliveroo suggested that the Government either allow companies to offer entitlements to self-employed people or create a new category of employment in which benefits are calculated on the services they deliver instead of how many hours they work.[45]

In response to the attacks on moped drivers over the summer of 2017, Deliveroo announced a series of measures to help keep riders safe. Among the measures introduced were a new app feature that allows riders to raise security concerns, plus a trial of helmet cameras to allow Deliveroo to gather evidence and to pass on information to the police. The company also hired 50 new staff across the country who have a focus on rider safety.[46][47]

In December 2017, Deliveroo announced that its riders would have access to the first ever insurance scheme for food delivery riders in the UK on-demand economy.[48] As well as sickness and accident insurance cover, cyclists will also have access to the first-of-its-kind public liability insurance.[49]

On 12 August 2019, Deliveroo sent an email to German customers stating their decision to leave the German market and indicating that all services would stop from 16 August.[50] The email cited its inability to provide a sufficient quality of service and that it would focus on other markets. The announcement came days after acquiring Scottish startup Cultivate, and three months after raising £450 million in a funding round led by Amazon.[51]

Deliveroo entered the Taiwan market in October 2018.[52][53] In Taiwan, Deliveroo relied on contractors, according to an investigation by the Ministry of Labor.[54] As Deliveroo workers in Taiwan were not considered employees, it was unclear if the company were required to provide labor insurance to workers.[55] Despite not having the status of employees, Deliveroo and several courier services in Taiwan were cautioned by the labor ministry in 2019 that the Occupational Safety and Health Act still applied to contractors. Therefore, Deliveroo agreed to suspend work for riders when the government suspends work for those with employee status due to natural disasters.[56][57] In October 2019, Sharing Economy Association Taiwan proposed safety regulations that were agreed to by several courier services active in Taiwan, including Deliveroo.[58][59] That same month, Taiwan's Directorate General of Highways (DGH) fined Deliveroo for violations of the Highway Act, as it had not applied for a business license to establish an automobile transportation enterprise. Additionally, the DGH ordered Deliveroo to cease operations.[60] Deliveroo announced its exit from Taiwan in April 2020.[61][62]

Deliveroo's London drivers held a day-long strike in August 2016 to protest a new pay plan that they claimed would result in riders earning substantially below minimum wage,[72][73] and the continuing lack of sick and accident pay.[74][73] The company later abandoned these plans.[75]

During these strikes, as a means of protest, London Deliveroo drivers held up signs containing the neologism "Slaveroo". The term and its corresponding social media hashtag were adopted by several news outlets, including non-English international media.[76][77][78][79]

In the aftermath of these protests, Mags Dewhurst, chair of the Independent Workers Union of Great Britain Couriers and Logistics Branch, which represents couriers and delivery drivers in London, published an article in The Guardian backing the protesters, saying that Deliveroo's claims of offering freedom and flexibility, vis-à-vis its couriers, are a sham, calling them "bywords for exploitation and exhaustion".[80]

On 8 November 2016, news headlines covered the demand of a small group of UK Deliveroo drivers to seek union recognition by the company. The Independent Workers Union of Great Britain (IWGB) represented the drivers in the Camden area of north London.[81][82][83][84] In November 2017, the Central Arbitration Committee dismissed the challenge by the IWGB and ruled that Deliveroo riders are self-employed. Deliveroo welcomed the decision as a 'victory for riders [who] value the flexibility that self-employment provides'.[85]

In May 2017, Deliveroo workers protested working conditions in Berlin, Germany.[86] In January 2018, Deliveroo riders went on strike in Belgium and the Netherlands.[87]

In 2017 and 2018 Dutch online consumer affairs journalist Tim Hofman investigated Deliveroo undercover, asserting that the company forced its delivery staff to declare themselves self-employed rather than being employees of the company, which would give them rights to benefits such as sick pay. The investigation and presentation of the evidence to Deliveroo management was released as episodes of the #BOOS online programme.[88]