Delphine de Custine

Delphine de Sabran, Marquise de Custine (18 March 1770 – 13 July 1826) was a French society hostess and woman of letters. Known for her beauty and intelligence, Madame de Abrantès referred to de Custine as "one of those lovely creatures that God gives to the world in a moment of munificence".[1] During the French Revolution she was imprisoned at Carmes Prison.[2] She was freed after the fall of Maximilien Robespierre but was left widowed. After the revolution she focused on the education of her son, Astolphe-Louis-Léonor, Marquis de Custine, taking him to Italy and Switzerland. A freethinker, she was a prominent literary and social figure during the Napoleonic era.[3]

This article is about the French society hostess. For the Franciscan tertiary, see Delphine of Glandèves.
Delphine de Sabran
Marquise de Custine
Born18 March 1770
Paris, France
Died13 July 1826(1826-07-13) (aged 56)
Bex, Vaud, Switzerland
Noble familySabran
Spouse(s)Armand Renaud-Louis-Philippe-Francois, Marquis de Custine (wid. 1793)
Issue
FatherJoseph de Sabran
MotherFrançoise Eléonore Dejean de Manville

Biography

De Custine was born in Paris on 18 March 1770 into the House of Sabran, a French noble family.[4][5] She was the daughter of Joseph de Sabran, Comte de Sabran and Françoise Eléonore Dejean de Manville. She was a descendant of Margaret of Provence, the wife of Saint Louis.[4] Her father died in 1775 and her mother later remarried to Stanislas de Boufflers. She married Armand Renaud-Louis-Philippe-Francois de Custine, the son of Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine.[1] They had a son, Astolphe-Louis-Léonor, Marquis de Custine.[4][6]

Madame de Custine

During the French Revolution de Custine defended her father-in-law before the Revolutionary Tribunal. She was imprisoned at Carmes Prison along with her husband and father-in-law but was later released after the fall of Maximilien Robespierre.[4][1][7] After her release she was able to restore some of the family property which had been seized. Her husband and father-in-law were both guillotined during the Reign of Terror.[6] She had various lovers including François Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas, Francisco de Miranda, and Joseph Fouché.[8]

Germaine de Staël based the title figure of her novel Delphine after de Custine.[4] At the advice of François-René de Chateaubriand, de Custine bought the Château de Fervaques in 1803.[4] She took up painting, and was recognized for her work by Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun.[4] She hosted literary and artistic salons at Fervaques[4] Her salons included de Chateaubriand, Henri-Philippe Gérard, and Charles-Julien Lioult de Chênedollé.[4] de Chateaubriand wrote about her in his memoir Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe.[4]

Her memoir was published in 1912.[9]

References
  1. Crowley, Francis J. (1943). "Balzac and the Marquis de Custine". PMLA. 58 (3): 790–796. doi:10.2307/458834. JSTOR 458834.
  2. "A French Marquis' Adventures: Dandy Stuff for Biography". November 22, 1999.
  3. "Astolphe de Custine". www.librarything.com.
  4. "Delphine de Custine". Amis de Custine.
  5. Maugras, pp. 370–371.
  6. "Marquis Astolphe de Custine Letters to Comtesse Merlin, 1836-1855". dla.library.upenn.edu.
  7. "The Scar of Revolution". UC Press E-Books Collection, 1982-2004. Retrieved 2020-07-26.
  8. Wood, Tony (August 24, 2000). "Tony Wood · Nation of Mutes: Marquis de Custine · LRB 24 August 2000". London Review of Books.
  9. Maugras, Gaston; de.), Pierre Croze-Lemercier (comte (July 26, 1912). "Memoires of Delphine de Sabran, Marquise de Custine". W. Heinemann – via Google Books.
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