Democratic Republican Party (South Korea)

The Democratic Republican Party (DRP) was a conservative and broadly state corporatist[4] or nationalist[1] political party in South Korea, ruling from shortly after its formation on February 2, 1963,[7] to its dissolution under Chun Doo-hwan in 1980.

Democratic Republican Party

민주공화당
Minju Gonghwadang
LeaderPark Chung-hee
Founded2 February 1963 (1963-02-02)
Dissolved1 September 1980 (1980-09-01)
Split fromLiberal Party
Succeeded byDemocratic Justice Party
HeadquartersSeoul
IdeologyKorean nationalism
National conservatism[1]
Authoritarianism[2]
Anti-communism
Right-wing populism[1][3]
Corporate statism[4]
October Yushin
National capitalism
Political positionRight-wing to far-right[5][6]
ColoursBrown and Blue
Democratic Republican Party
Hangul
민주공화당
Hanja
Revised RomanizationMinju Gonghwadang
McCune–ReischauerMinju Konghwatang
DRP
Hangul
공화당
Hanja
Revised RomanizationGonghwadang
McCune–ReischauerKonghwatang

History

Under the control of Park Chung Hee, President of South Korea from his military coup d'état of 1961 until his assassination in 1979, the party oversaw a period of accelerated, state-directed industrialization and socio-economic modernization known as the "Miracle of the Han River", where a predominantly poor and agrarian country was transformed into an industrial "tiger economy". The combination of state and corporate chaebol power pioneered by the party[8] continues to be deeply built into the foundations of the South Korean economic system.

Following the promulgation in October 1972 of the Yushin Constitution, which implemented numerous authoritarian centralizing measures such as the direct appointment of a third of the National Assembly by the President, the DRP assumed an unprecedented level of political power. For the next eight years, South Korea was essentially a one-party state ruled by the DRP.

After Park's assassination on 26 October 1979 and the seizure of power by Chun Doo-hwan in the coup d'état of December Twelfth, the DRP was dissolved in 1980, and nominally superseded by the Korean National Party. However, leadership of the state was assumed by the Democratic Justice Party, which may be seen as a spiritual successor of the DRP in terms of its constitutional vision and mimicking of Park's leadership style. Through this evolution, the Grand National Party may be seen as the modern heir of the DRP, though the policies advocated by Korean conservatives have changed significantly since South Korea's democratization in the late 1980s and 1990s.

Election results

Presidential elections

Election Candidate Total votes Share of votes Outcome Image
1963 Park Chung-hee 4,702,640 46.6% Elected Y
1967 Park Chung-hee 5,688,666 51.4% Elected Y
1971 Park Chung-hee 6,342,828 53.2% Elected Y
1972 Park Chung-hee 2,357 (electoral vote) 100.0% Elected Y
1978 Park Chung-hee 2,578 (electoral vote) 100.0% Elected Y

Legislative elections

Election Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Election leader
1963
110 / 175
3,112,985 33.5% 110 seats; Majority Park Chung-hee
1967
129 / 175
5,494,922 50.6% 19 seats; Majority Park Chung-hee
1971
113 / 204
5,460,581 48.8% 16 seats; Majority Park Chung-hee
1973
146 / 219
4,251,754 38.7% 40 seats; Majority Park Chung-hee
1978
145 / 231
4,695,995 31.7% 2 seats; Majority Park Chung-hee

References

  1. Kohli, A. (2004). State-Directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 92.
  2. Kwak, Ki-Sung (2012), Media and Democratic Transition in South Korea, Routledge, p. 31
  3. 커뮤니케이션 관점으로 본 포퓰리즘의 등장과 대의 민주주의 위기
  4. Kim, B. K. & Vogel, E. F. (eds.) (2011). The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea. Harvard University Press. p. 125.
  5. 서중석 (2005). 이 승만 의 정치 이데올로기. ISBN 9788976968029.
  6. "韓國과國際政治". 1995.
  7. Youngmi Kim, The Politics of Coalition in Korea (Taylor & Francis, 2011) p22
  8. Kohli, p. 27.
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