Dirk Jan Struik

Dirk Jan Struik (September 30, 1894 – October 21, 2000) was a Dutch-born American (since 1934) mathematician, historian of mathematics and Marxian theoretician who spent most of his life in the U.S.[1][2][3]

Dirk Jan Struik
Dirk Jan Struik
Born(1894-09-30)September 30, 1894
Rotterdam, Netherlands
DiedOctober 21, 2000(2000-10-21) (aged 106)
Belmont, Massachusetts, U.S.
Nationality United States
Alma materUniversity of Leiden
Known forA concise history of mathematics; A source book in mathematics 1200–1800
AwardsKenneth O. May Prize (1989)
Scientific career
FieldsMultidimensional geometry, history of mathematics
InstitutionsMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Delft University of Technology
Doctoral advisorW. van der Woude
Jan Schouten
Doctoral studentsJoseph Dauben
Judith Grabiner
Eric Reissner
Domina Eberle Spencer

Life

Dirk Jan Struik was born in 1894 in Rotterdam, Netherlands, as a teacher's son. He attended the Hogere Burgerschool nl (HBS) over there. It was in this school that he was first introduced to left-wing politics and socialism by one of his teachers, called Mister van Dam.

In 1912 Struik entered the University of Leiden, where he showed great interest in mathematics and physics, influenced by the eminent professors Paul Ehrenfest and Hendrik Lorentz.

In 1917 he worked as a high school mathematics teacher for a while, after which he worked as a research assistant for J.A. Schouten. It was during this period that he developed his doctoral dissertation, "The Application of Tensor Methods to Riemannian Manifolds."

In 1922 Struik obtained his doctorate in mathematics from University of Leiden. He was appointed to a teaching position at University of Utrecht in 1923. The same year he married Saly Ruth Ramler,[4] a Czech mathematician with a doctorate from the Charles University of Prague.

In 1924, funded by a Rockefeller fellowship, Struik traveled to Rome to collaborate with the Italian mathematician Tullio Levi-Civita. It was in Rome that Struik first developed a keen interest in the history of mathematics. In 1925, thanks to an extension of his fellowship, Struik went to Göttingen to work with Richard Courant compiling Felix Klein's lectures on the history of 19th-century mathematics. He also started researching Renaissance mathematics at this time. He also rekindled interest in a mistake that Aristotle made about tiling the universe with just the tetrahedron. It was first challenged in 1435.[5]

In 1926 Struik was offered positions both at the Moscow State University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He decided to accept the latter, where he spent the rest of his academic career. He collaborated with Norbert Wiener on differential geometry, while continuing his research on the history of mathematics. He was made full professor at MIT in 1940.

Struik was a steadfast Marxist. Having joined the Communist Party of the Netherlands in 1919, he remained a Party member his entire life. When asked, upon the occasion of his 100th birthday, how he managed to pen peer-reviewed journal articles at such an advanced age, Struik replied blithely that he had the "3Ms" a man needs to sustain himself: Marriage (his wife, Saly Ruth Ramler, was not alive anymore though when he turned one hundred in 1994), Mathematics and Marxism.

It is therefore not surprising that Dirk suffered persecution during the McCarthyite era. He was accused of being a Soviet spy, a charge he vehemently denied. Invoking the First and Fifth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, he refused to answer any of the 200 questions put forward to him during the HUAC hearing. He was suspended from teaching for five years (with full salary) by MIT in the 1950s. Struik was re-instated in 1956.[6] He retired from MIT in 1960.

Aside from purely academic work, Struik also helped found the journal Science & Society, a Marxian journal on the history, sociology and development of science.

In 1950 Struik published his Lectures on Classical Differential Geometry,[7] which gained praise from Ian R. Porteous:

Of all the textbooks on elementary differential geometry published in the last fifty years the most readable is one of the earliest, namely that by D.J. Struik (1950). He is the only one to mention Allvar Gullstrand.[8]

Struik's other major works include such classics as A Concise History of Mathematics (1948),[9] Yankee Science in the Making, The Birth of the Communist Manifesto, and A Source Book in Mathematics, 1200–1800, all of which are considered standard textbooks or references.

Struik died October 21, 2000, three weeks after celebrating his 106th birthday.

Bibliography
  • 1928: Het Probleem ‘De impletione loci’ (Dutch), Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde, Series 2, 15 (1925–1928), no. 3, 121–137
  • 1948: Origins of American Science (New England) via Internet Archive
  • 1986: (editor) A Source Book in Mathematics, 1200–1800, Princeton University Press ISBN 0-691-08404-1, ISBN 0-691-02397-2 (pbk).
  • 1987: A Concise History of Mathematics, fourth revised edition, Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-60255-9, ISBN 978-0-486-60255-4.

References
  1. Saxon, Wolfgang (October 26, 2000). "Dirk J. Struik; Historian Was 106". The New York Times. Retrieved September 29, 2018.
  2. Davis, Chandler; Tattersall, Jim; Richards, Joan; Banchoff, Tom (June–July 2001). "Dirk Jan Struik (1894-2000)" (PDF). Notices of the AMS. 48 (6): 584–589. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  3. Rowe, David E. (September 2002). "Dirk Jan Struik, 1894–2000". Isis. 93 (3): 456–459. doi:10.1086/374064.
  4. "Élie Cartan et Saly Ruth Ramler – Médias – MSN Encarta". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
  5. Struik, D. J. (1926). "Het probleem 'De Impletione Loci'". Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde. 2nd ser. 15: 121–134. JFM 52.0002.04.
  6. "Deaths: Dirk J. Struik, Mathematician". The Washington Post. October 29, 2000. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  7. Bompiani, E. (1951). "Review: Lectures on classical differential geometry by D. J. Struik" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 57 (2): 154–155. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1951-09487-2.
  8. Ian R. Porteous (2001) Geometric Differentiation, p 319, Cambridge University Press ISBN 0-521-00264-8
  9. Rowe, David E. (2001). "Looking back on a bestseller: Dirk Struik's A Concise History of Mathematics" (PDF). Notices Amer. Math. Soc. 48 (6): 590–592.

Sources
Obituaries
  • G. Alberts, and W. T. van Est, Dirk Jan Struik, Levensberichten en herdenkingen (Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, 2002), pp. 107–114.
  • MIT News Office (2000-10-25). Mathematician Professor Dirk Struik dies at 106. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, accessed 2007-07-23
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.