DivX

DivX is a brand of video codec products developed by DivX, LLC. There are three DivX codecs: the original MPEG-4 Part 2 DivX codec, the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC DivX Plus HD codec and the High Efficiency Video Coding DivX HEVC Ultra HD codec. The most recent version of the codec itself is version 6.9.2, which is several years old. New version numbers on the packages now reflect updates to the media player, converter, etc.

This article is about the video codec. For the company, see DivX, Inc. For the videodisc format, see DIVX.

DivX
Encoding a file in DivX Converter, included in the DivX Software suite
Developer(s)DivX, Inc.
Stable release
10.8.9 / 20 October 2020 (2020-10-20)
Operating systemWindows, macOS
TypeVideo codec, media player, video converter
LicenseFreemium
Websitewww.divx.com 
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DivX

History

The "DivX" brand is distinct from "DIVX", which is an obsolete video rental system developed by Circuit City Stores that used custom DVD-like discs and players.[1] The winking emoticon in the early "DivX ;-)" codec name was a tongue-in-cheek reference to the DIVX system. Although not created by them, the DivX company adopted the name of the popular DivX ;-) codec. The company dropped the smiley and released DivX 4.0, which was actually the first DivX version, trademarking the word, DivX.[2][3]

DivX ;-) (not DivX) 3.11 Alpha and later 3.xx versions refers to a hacked version of the Microsoft MPEG-4 Version 3 video codec (not to be confused with MPEG-4 Part 3) from Windows Media Tools 4 codecs.[4][5] The video codec, which was actually not MPEG-4 compliant, was extracted around 1998 by French hacker Jerome Rota (also known as Gej) at Montpellier. The Microsoft codec originally required that the compressed output be put in an ASF file. It was altered to allow other containers such as Audio Video Interleave (AVI).[6] Rota hacked the Microsoft codec because newer versions of the Windows Media Player would not play his video portfolio and résumé that were encoded with it. Instead of re-encoding his portfolio, Rota and German hacker Max Morice decided to reverse engineer the codec, which "took about a week".[7]

In early 2000, Jordan Greenhall recruited Rota to form a company (originally called DivXNetworks, Inc., renamed to DivX, Inc. in 2005) to develop an MPEG-4 codec, from scratch, that would still be backward-compatible with the Microsoft MPEG-4 Version 3 format. This effort resulted first in the release of the "OpenDivX" codec and source code on 15 January 2001. OpenDivX was hosted as an open-source project on the Project Mayo web site hosted at projectmayo.com[8] (the name comes from "mayonnaise", because, according to Rota, DivX and mayonnaise are both "French and very hard to make."[7]). The company's internal developers and some external developers worked jointly on OpenDivX for the next several months, but the project eventually stagnated.

In early 2001, DivX employee "Sparky" wrote a new and improved version of the codec's encoding algorithm known as "encore2". This code was included in the OpenDivX public source repository for a brief time, but then was abruptly removed. The explanation from DivX at the time was that "the community really wants a Winamp, not a Linux." It was at this point that the project forked. That summer, Rota left the French Riviera and moved to San Diego "with nothing but a pack of cigarettes"[9] where he and Greenhall founded what would eventually become DivX, Inc.[7]

DivX took the encore2 code and developed it into DivX 4.0, initially released in July 2001. Other developers who had participated in OpenDivX took encore2 and started a new project—Xvid—that started with the same encoding core. DivX, Inc. has since continued to develop the DivX codec, releasing DivX 5.0 in March 2002. By the release of version 5.2.1 on 8 September 2004, the DivX codec was substantially feature-complete. Changes since then have tended to focus on speed, and encouraging wider hardware player support, while the company has also focused its time on the formats and next generation codecs.

In February 2011, DivX was acquired by Rovi Corporation, upon completion of its acquisition of Sonic Solutions.[10] In 2014, Blackstone Group and Parallax Capital acquired DivX from Rovi for $75 million. On January 5, 2015, it was announced that IPTV company NeuLion would acquire DivX for $62.5 million.[11] In February 2018, a deal was finalized to sell certain DivX assets, intellectual property and subsidiaries from NeuLion, Inc. to Fortress Investment Group.[12]

DivX, LLC continues to operate from their headquarters in San Diego and release new versions of DivX Software for Windows and macOS.

DivX formats

DivX Media Format (DMF)
DivX Media Format
Filename extension
.divx
Type codeDIVX, DX50
Developed byDivX, Inc.
Type of formatMedia container
Container forMPEG-4 Part 2–compliant video
Extended fromAVI

DivX 6 expanded the scope of DivX from including just a codec and a player by adding an optional media container format called "DivX Media Format" ("DMF")[13] (with a .divx extension) that includes support for the following DVD-Video and VOB container like features. This media container format is used for the MPEG-4 Part 2 codec.

This new DivX Media Format also came with a "DivX Ultra Certified" profile, and all "Ultra" certified players must support all DivX Media Format features. While video encoded with the DivX codec is an MPEG-4 video stream, the DivX Media Format is analogous to media container formats such as Apple's QuickTime. In much the same way that media formats such as DVD specify MPEG-2 video as a part of their specification, the DivX Media Format specifies MPEG-4-compatible video as a part of its specification. However, despite the use of the ".divx" extension, this format is an extension to the AVI file format. The methods of including multiple audio and even subtitle tracks involve storing the data in RIFF headers and other such AVI hacks which have been known for quite a while, such that even VirtualDubMod supports them. DivX, Inc. did this on purpose to keep at least partial backward compatibility with AVI, so that players that do not support the new features available to the .divx container format (like interactive menus, chapter points and XSUB subtitles) can at least play that primary video stream (usually the main movie if the DMF file contains multiple video streams like special features like bonus materials). Of course, the DivX codec and tools like Dr. DivX still support the traditional method of creating standard AVI files.

Since version 5.0 of DivX, the FourCC (identifying code) for the DivX MPEG-4 Part 2 codec is DX50.[14] Previously it used DIVX.

DivX Plus HD
Main article: DivX Plus HD

DivX Plus HD is a marketing name for a file type using the standard Matroska media container format (.mkv), rather than the proprietary DivX Media Format. DivX Plus HD files contain an H.264 video bitstream, AAC surround sound audio, and a number of XML-based attachments defining chapters, subtitles and meta data.[15] This media container format is used for the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec.

DivX profiles

DivX has defined profiles which are subsets of MPEG-4/AVI and H.264/Matroska standards.[16] Because the grouping is a specific subset of what is in the standards, there are certification processes for each of the profiles that device manufacturers must follow. All DivX certified devices bearing a DivX logo will adhere to one of the profiles outlined in the table below as would any tools that support the DivX profiles.[17][18]

Profiles
Handheld Portable Mobile Theater Home Theater HD 720p HD 1080p +HD 1080p
DivX Codec (MPEG-4 Part 2) 5,6 5,6 5,6 3,4,5,6 5,6 3,4,5,6 n/a
DivX H.264 Codec (MPEG-4 Part 10) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 1.x
File Extension(s) .avi, .divx .avi, .divx .avi, .divx .avi, .divx .avi, .divx .avi, .divx .mkv
Max. resolution (px×px×Hz) 176×144×15 352×240×30

352×288×25

 640×480×30 720×480×30

720×576×25

 1280×720×30 3/4:

720×480×30, 720×576×25

5/6:

1920×1080×30, 1280×720×60

 1920×1080×30,

1280×720×60

Max VBV bitrate (bit/s) 600000 4854000 4854000 9708400 20000000 VCL: 20000000,

NAL: 24000000

Min. VBV buffer size (KiB) 32 138 384 384 768 2097 VCL: 3200, NAL: 3840
Macroblocks (per second) 1485 9900 36000 40500 108000 3/4: 40500

5/6: 244800

 244800
Subtitles optional optional optional 8×XSUB[19] 8×XSUB 8×XSUB, XSUB+ 8×SRT, SSA
Audio 1×MP3 1×MP3 8×MP3, MP2, AC3 8×MP3, MP2, AC3 8×MP3, MP2, AC3 8×MP3, AC3, AAC

DivX Video on Demand

DivX Video on Demand (DivX VOD) is DivX's version of digital rights management (DRM), which allows content copyright holders to control distribution. In 2009, DivX, Inc. received format approval from major Hollywood studios including Sony, Paramount, and Lionsgate, which has allowed content retailers to sell protected videos that will play on current and previous generations of DivX certified devices.[20] The terms of the contract are not known, so it is uncertain if unknown if that approval is still in effect.

Community software
Dr. DivX OSS 2 for Windows

Dr. DivX OSS is capable of transcoding many video formats to DivX-encoded video. The original closed-source Dr. DivX terminated at version 1.06 for DivX 5.21. That was the last version of DivX capable of running on Windows 9x. An open-source version has since been made, which supports DivX 6. Dr. DivX offers greatly expanded features over the free DivX Converter application, that was bundled with the codec from version 6 onwards.[21] Dr. Divx is not compatible with DivX Plus HD.

DivX has released a command line interface (CLI) for the divx264 encoder used in the DivX Converter as beta, free for non-commercial use.[22] To complement the CLI divx264 encoder released on DivX Labs, DivX has also released a DivX AAC encoder CLI as a Windows beta binary.[22] Finally, DivXMKVMux has been released as a free Windows CLI through DivX Labs with documentation on the DivX Developer Portal; DivX describes the release as a reference mux to demonstrate DivX Plus MKV extensions like World Fonts and Smooth FF/RW.[23]

Hardware support

DivX, Inc. markets a certification program to consumer electronics and IC manufacturers for the purpose of guaranteed compatibility and playback of video files that fall within DivX profiles. Devices that have been DivX certified usually brandish one of the following marks:[24]

  • DivX Certified
  • DivX Certified for HD 720p and 1080p
  • DivX Certified for DivX Plus HD
  • DivX Connected
  • DivX Certified for DivX Ultra

DivX certified devices have included DVD players, car stereos, mobile phones, televisions, Blu-ray players, and even alarm clocks.[25]

Aside from verifying proper decoding of files conforming to the DivX profiles the certification also confirms the device can play back DivX Video on Demand content, which includes Hollywood content that can be purchased from Internet retailers.[26]

Gaming system compatibility

On 4 December 2007, native MPEG-4 ASP playback support was added to the Xbox 360,[27] allowing it to play video encoded with DivX and other MPEG-4 ASP codecs.[28]

On 17 December 2007, firmware upgrade 2.10 was released for the Sony PlayStation 3, which included official DivX Certification. Firmware version 2.50 (released on 15 October 2008) included support for the DivX Video on Demand (DivX VOD) service, and firmware version 2.60 (released on 20 January 2009) included official DivX Certification and updated Profile support to version 3.11.[29]

With introduction of DivX to Go in the DivX Player for Windows, a PlayStation 3 icon is readily available on the interface, which will invoke a transfer wizard for freely converting and copying video files via USB or optical disc.[30] The output from DivX to Go's PlayStation 3 preset is also playable on the Xbox 360.

References
  1. "The 25 Worst Tech Products of All Time". 26 May 2006. Archived from the original on 3 July 2008. Retrieved 5 April 2010.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. "DivX Trademarks". Archived from the original on 26 May 2010.
  3. "An Intellectual Property Case Study" (PDF).
  4. "VirtualDub documentation: codecs". www.virtualdub.org. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
  5. "Video Codec Definitions". www.FOURCC.ofg. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
  6. "DivX ;-)". AfterDawn. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  7. "Escaping the Napster trap". Archived from the original on 15 December 2002. Retrieved 15 March 2001.
  8. "Project Mayo". 20 March 2003. Archived from the original on 20 March 2003. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  9. "DivX CEO on Video, YouTube, iPod". Archived from the original on 5 February 2008. Retrieved 8 December 2006.
  10. "Digital Entertainment Provider Rovi Acquires Sonic Solutions". Archived from the original on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
  11. "NeuLion Buys DivX For $62.5M". Multichannel News. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  12. Inc., NeuLion. "NeuLion Closes Transaction With An Affiliate of Fortress Investment Group". GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  13. "DivX Ultra Certification Program". DivX, Inc. Archived from the original on 26 October 2006. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  14. Fourcc.org Online list of FourCC codes
  15. "DivX Plus HD". DivX Developer Portal. DivX, Inc. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
  16. "DivX-Profiles_Tech-Specs" (PDF). DivX. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
  17. "DivX Profiles from divx.com".
  18. "certified listing from divx.com". Archived from the original on 2 December 2010.
  19. "XSUB".
  20. "DivX inks film distribution deal with Lionsgate & Paramount". Businessofcinema.com. 4 August 2009. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  21. "DivX Video Converter". DivX, Inc. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
  22. "DivX H.264 Encoder Beta 1 & Tutorial". DivX Labs blog. DivX, Inc. 29 April 2009. Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
  23. "Doom9.org - New DivX Plus Documentation". Retrieved 30 October 2014.
  24. "Program Details". Partner Solutions: Certified Programs. DivX, Inc. Archived from the original on 25 January 2010. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  25. "Philips Digital Photo Frame Alarm Clock". Gadgeteer. 23 November 2007. Archived from the original on 22 June 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  26. Bond, Paul (26 August 2009). "Film Fresh, DivX sign DVD agreement – Deal allows users to back up their downloads". www.hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  27. Elle. "Xbox.com - Personalities - A Fistful of Features in the December 2007 System Update (Backup by WayBackMachine)". Archived from the original on 13 October 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2014.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  28. "Xbox 360 DivX/XviD Playback Tested (Verdict: It's Almost Perfect)". Gizmodo. Retrieved 19 December 2007.
  29. "Firmware 2.60 brings photo gallery, Divx 3.11". PS3Fanboy. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
  30. "New DivX Plus Software Update Targets PS3 via MKV Conversion - PS3 NEWS". ps3news.com. 26 March 2010. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
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