Dry gallon

The dry gallon, also known as the corn gallon or grain gallon, is a historic British dry measure of volume that was used to measure grain and other dry commodities and whose earliest recorded official definition, in 1303, was the volume of 8 pounds (3.6 kg) of wheat.[1] It is not used in the US customary system – though it implicitly exists since the US dry measures of bushel, peck, quart, and pint are still used – and is not included in the National Institute of Standards and Technology handbook that many US states recognize as the authority on measurement law.[2][3]

The US fluid gallon is about 14.1% smaller than the dry gallon, while the Imperial fluid gallon is about 3.2% larger.

Its implicit value in the US system was originally one eighth of the Winchester bushel, which was a cylindrical measure of 18.5 inches (470 mm) in diameter and 8 inches (203 mm) in depth, which made the dry gallon an irrational number in cubic inches whose value to seven significant digits was 268.8025 cubic inches (4.404884 litres), or exact 9.25² × π cubic inches. Since the bushel was later defined to be exactly 2150.42 cubic inches, this figure became the exact value for the dry gallon (268.8025 cubic inches gives exactly 4.40488377086 L).

References

""How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement" by Russ Rowlett and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill". Archived from the original on 2012-02-18. Retrieved 2012-01-20.
101st Conference on Weights and Measures 2016. (2017). Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices. National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. C-6, C-11, C-16.
Summary of State Laws and Regulations in Weights and Measures Archived December 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. (2005) National Institute of Standards and Technology.

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[1] ""How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement" by Russ Rowlett and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill". Archived from the original on 2012-02-18. Retrieved 2012-01-20.

[HB44-2] 101st Conference on Weights and Measures 2016. (2017). Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices. National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. C-6, C-11, C-16.

[3] Summary of State Laws and Regulations in Weights and Measures Archived December 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. (2005) National Institute of Standards and Technology.