Duke of Ferrara and of Modena

Emperor Frederick III conferred Borso d'Este, Lord of Ferrara, with the Duchy of Modena and Reggio in 1452,[1] while Pope Paul II formally elevated him as the Duke of Ferrara in 1471, over which the family had in fact long presided. Nonetheless, this latter territory was lost to the Papal States in 1597, while the Estensi continued to rule the Duchy of Modena and Reggio in the Emilia until 1796, when it became part of Napoleon Bonaparte's Cispadane Republic. In 1814 the duchy was restored under the Habsburg grandson of the last Este Duke, continuing until annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia in 1859.

Duke of Modena
Flag of the Duchy of Modena under the Habsburg–Este family
Details
StyleImperial and Royal Highness
First monarchBorso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
Last monarchFrancis V, Duke of Modena
Formation1452
Abolition1859
Pretender(s)Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este

From the Lordship of Este to the Duchy of Ferrara-Modena-Reggio

House of Este

The line of "Marquesses of Este"("Marchesi d'Este") rises in 1039 with Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan. The name "Este" is related to the city where the family came from, Este. The family was founded by Adalbert the Margrave. who might have been the true first Margrave of Milan of this family. In 1209 Azzo VI is named the first "Marquess of Ferrara", and the title passed to his descendants, and Este Marquisate's was delegated to a cadet branch of the family. Later, were also created the Marquisates of Modena and Reggio.

Partitions of Este territories under Este rule

The Duchy of Modena (in the dark purple) and of Ferrara (in the light purple) in the context of late 15th century Italy.
Marquisate of Este
(940-1463)
(acquired Ferrara 1187, recovered 1209)
(acquired Modena 1288; Reggio 1289)
       Ferrara to the
Torelli family

(1222-1240)
      
       Marq. Modena
(1293-1361)
Interrupted by
Modenese Republic
(1308-1336)
Marquisate of Ferrara
(1293-1308)
Reggio to
Papal States

(1306-1405)
      
Ferrara to
Papal States

(1308-1317)
To Ferrara        Marq. Ferrara
(1317-1405)
Marquisate of Modena,Ferrara and Reggio
(1405-1471)
Duchy of Modena,Ferrara and Reggio
(1471-1597)
Duchy of Modena and Reggio
(1597-1796, 1814-1859)
Ferrara lost to
Papal States 1597
Marq.
San Martino in Rio

(1490-1757)
Marq. Montecchio
(1st creation)
(1562-1587)
      
      
Marq.
Lanzo

(1592-1652)
             
       Marq. Scandiano
(inherited from
Bentivoglio family)

(1643-1725)
Marq. Montecchio
(2nd creation)
(1638-1713)
      
Marq.
Dronero

(1653-1734)
Marq.
Borgomanero and
Porlezza

(1652-1734)
             
             
             
Dronero inherited by
Birago di Vische family
             

Table of rulers

RulerBornReignDeathRuling partConsortNotes
Adalbert the Margrave Before 940 c.940-951 951 Este
(then included in the March of Milan)
Unknown Ruler of the Eastern March (or March of Milan), and founder of the Obertenghi family, direct ancestor to the House of Este.
Oberto I Before 951
Son of Adalbert
951-975 15 October 975 Este
(then included in the March of Milan)
Willa of Spoleto
seven children
Also Marquess of Milan. A son of his was the founder of the Malaspina family.
Oberto II Before 975
Sons of Oberto I and Willa of Spoleto
975-1014 1014 Este
(then included in the March of Milan)
Railenda
six children
Also Marquesses of Milan. The sons of Alberto I founded the Pallavicini family.
Alberto I 975-1002 1002 Este
(then included in the March of Milan)
Unknown
three children
Ugo I Before 1014
Son of Oberto II and Railenda
1014 (26 January)[2]1035
Piacenza
Este
(then included in the March of Milan)
Unmarried Also Marquess of Milan. Deposed in the same year of accession.
Alberto Azzo I
(Alberto II Azzo I)
Before 1014
Son of Oberto II and Railenda
1014-1029 1029[3] Este
(then included in the March of Milan)
Adela
one child
Also Marquess of Milan.
Alberto Azzo II
(Alberto III Azzo II)
996[2] or 10 July 1009
Modena
Son of Alberto Azzo I and Adela
1029-1097 20 August 1097
Vangadizza
aged 87/88 or 100/101
Este
(then included in the March of Milan)
Kunigunde of Altdorf
1036
one child

Garsenda of Maine
c.1050
two children

Vitalia Orseolo
one child
Also Marquess of Milan, and the founder of the House of Este. His son from his first wife, Welf IV, is the ancestor of the House of Welf.
Folco I c.1050?
Son of Alberto Azzo II and Garsenda of Maine
1097-1128 15 or 22 December 1128[2]
Vangadizza
aged 87/88 or 100/101
Este
(then included in the March of Milan)
Unknown
six children
Also Marquess of Milan. Referenced as titular, because, after Alberto Azzo II's death, the lands of the family were partitioned between the various branches of the family (including Malaspinas and Pallavicinis).[4]
Azzo III[2] After 1071
Sons of Ugo d'Este, Count of Maine and Heria of Hauteville
1128-c.1142 After 1142[2] Este
(then included in the March of Milan)
Aichiva
one child
Nephews of Folco, referenced in documents as marchese,[2] proving, along with Azzo's numbering, that they may have co-ruled with their cousins.
Tancredo[2] 1128-c.1145 After 1145[2] Unknown
Azzo IV[2] c.1100?
Sons of Folco I
1128-c.1154 c.1154[2]
aged 53/54?
Este
(then included in the March of Milan)
Unknown Sons of Folco I, ruled jointly and with their cousins Azzo III and Tancredo. Obizzo I was the first lord of Ferrara and the last Marquess of Milan of the family. After his death Ferrara and Milan were lost.
Bonifazio I[2] 1128-1163 1163 (before 27 September)[2]
aged 62/63?
Unknown
two children
Folco II[2] 1128-1178 1178[2]
aged 77/78?
Unknown
one child
Alberto IV[2] 1128-1184 1184 (after 10 April)[2]
aged 83/84?
Matilda
two children
Obizzo I 1128-1187 25 December 1193
aged 92/93?
Unknown
one child

Sofia Lendinara
five children
1187-1193 Este and Ferrara
Azzo V c.1125
Son of Obizzo I and Sofia Lendinara
c.1140-1187 c.1190 (before 1193)[2] Este Marchesella Adelardi
1120
two children
Co-rulers of Obizzo I, both predeceased him. Azzo V as his son, and Bonifazio II as his nephew.
1187-1190 Este and Ferrara
Bonifazio II[2] Before 1178
Son of Folco II
1178-1187 1190[2] Este Unknown
1187-1190 Este and Ferrara
Azzo VI c.1170
Ferrara
Son of Azzo V and Marchesella Adelardi
1193-1209 November 1212
Verona
aged 41/42
Este Sofia Aldobrandini
1189
two children

Sophia of Savoy
before 1192
one child

Alice of Châtillon
22 February 1204
two children
Son of Azzo V. In 1209 was made the first Marquess of Ferrara, recovering this land for the family.
1209-1212 Este and Ferrara
Aldobrandino I c.1190
Ferrara
Son of Azzo VI and Sofia Aldobrandini
1212-1215 10 October 1215
Ancona
aged 24/25
Este and Ferrara Unknown
Before 1215
three children
Half-brothers and co-rulers. In 1222 Azzo was deposed of Ferrara by Salinguerra Torelli, but recovered the city in 1240. Azzo VII raised two of the children of his half-brother, one of them being Saint Contardo of Este.
Azzo VII Novello c.1205
Ferrara
Son of Azzo VI and Alice of Châtillon
1212-1222

1240-1264
16 February 1264
Apulia
aged 58/59
Este and Ferrara Giovanna Puglia
1221
four children

Amabilia Pallavicini
1238
no/two children
1222-1240 Este
Occupation of Ferrara by Salinguerra II Torelli (1212-1240)
Obizzo II 1247 or 1252
Ferrara
Bastard son of Rinaldo d'Este
1293-1312 20 January or 13 February[5] 1293
Ferrara
aged 41 or 46
Este and Ferrara
(1264-1288)

Este, Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
(1288-1293)
Jacopina Fieschi
1263
three children

Constanza della Scala
1289
two children
Grandson of Azzo VII, as bastard son of Azzo's son, Rinaldo. Between 1288 and 1289 he achieved the joining of the communes of Modena and Reggio to the Este's lands. After his death the lands were partitioned between his sons.
Francesco I c.1290
Ferrara
Son of Obizzo II and Constanza della Scala
1293-1312 23 August 1312
Ferrara
aged 22/23
Este Orsina Orsini
four children
Retained from inheritance the marquisate of Este.
Aldobrandino II After 1263
Ferrara
Son of Obizzo II and Jacopina Fieschi
1293-1306[6] 26 July 1326
Bologna
Modena Alda Rangoni
April 1305
no children
Received Modena from his father. In 1308, like his nephew in Ferrara, was expelled by the commune. In 1317, after the family recovered Ferrara, he co-ruled also there with his sons and nephews. He never recovered, however, Modena.
1317-1326 Ferrara
Modenese Republic (1306-1336)
Azzo VIII After 1263
Ferrara
Son of Obizzo II and Jacopina Fieschi
1293-1306[6] 31 January 1308
Este
Ferrara and Reggio Giovanna Orsini
September 1282
three children

Beatrice of Sicily
April 1305
no children
In 1306 lost Reggio to the Papal States.
1306-1308 Ferrara
Reggio occupied by the Papal States (1306-1405)
Folco II
under guardianship of Fresco d'Este (1308)
c.1300?
Ferrara
Son of Fresco d'Este and Pellegrina Caccianemici
1308[6] After 1312
Venice
Ferrara Unknown Barred from succession, Fresco d'Este held regency for his own son Folco, the designated heir of Azzo VIII. Fresco tried to appeal to the Papal States to regain his place, but Ferrara ended up temporarily absorbed by the Papal army. Folco and his father died in Venice, possibly exiled.
Ferrara occupied by the Papal States (1308-1317)
Rinaldo c.1290?
Ferrara
Sons of Aldobrandino II and Alda Rangoni
1317[6]-1335 31 December 1335
Ferrara
aged 44/45?
Ferrara Lucrezia Barbiano
one child
Following a pro-Este revolt in Ferrara, the sons of Aldobrandino II (Rinaldo, Niccolò, Obizzo) and Francesco I (Bertoldo and Azzo) ascended together. Some of them accumulated the rule of Ferrara with other government of other parts of Este's lands: Bertoldo and Azzo also ruled in Este since 1312; Obizzo and Niccolò recovered Modena in 1336.
Niccolò I 1317[6]-1336 1 May 1344
Ferrara
aged 53/54?
Ferrara Beatrice Gonzaga
21 April 1335
no children
1336-1344 Ferrara and Modena
Obizzo III 14 July 1294
Ferrara
Son of Aldobrandino II and Alda Rangoni
1317[6]-1336 20 March 1352
Ferrara
aged 57
Ferrara Jacopa Pepoli
May 1317
no children

Filippa Ariosto
(lover until 1347)
27 November 1347
ten children
(legitimized 1347)
1336-1352 Ferrara and Modena
Azzo IX Before 1312
Sons of Francesco I and Orsina Orsini
1312-1317 24 June 1318
Ferrara
Este Ricciarda da Camino
no children
1317[6]-1318 Este and Ferrara
Bertoldo I 1312-1317 21 July 1343
Este
Este Domenica Pio
1324
two children

Caterina da Camino
July 1339
Ferrara
no children
1317[6]-1343 Este and Ferrara
Francesco II June 1323
Ferrara
Son of Bertoldo I and Domenica Pio
1343-1384 13 December 1384
Este
aged 50/51
Este Caterina Visconti
no children

Taddea Barbiano
three children
Aldobrandino III 14 September 1335
Ferrara
Son of Obizzo III and Filippa Ariosto
1352 3 November 1361
Ferrara
aged 26
Modena Beatrice da Camino
1351
two children
1352-1361 Ferrara
Niccolò II the Lame 17 May 1338
Ferrara
Son of Obizzo III and Filippa Ariosto
1352-1361 26 March 1388
Ferrara
aged 49
Modena Verde della Scala
February 1363
two children
1361-1388 Modena and Ferrara
Azzo X 1344
Este
Son of Francesco II and Taddea Barbiano
1384-1415 1415
Venice
aged 43
Este Tommasina Guarnioni

Ricciarda da Camino

Amabilia Collalto

three children
(uncertain maternity)
In 1393, he challenged the succession of Niccolò III in Ferrara.
Alberto V 27 February 1347
Ferrara
Son of Obizzo III and Jacopa Pepoli
1388-1393 30 July 1393
Ferrara
aged 46
Modena and Ferrara Giovanna da Roberti
1388
no children

Isotta Albaresani
(lover until 1393)
1393
one child
(legitimized 1393)
Niccolò III 9 November 1383
Ferrara
Son of Alberto V and Isotta Albaresani
1393-1441 6 December 1441
Ferrara
aged 58
Modena and Ferrara
(1393-1405)

Modena, Ferrara and Reggio
(1405-1441)
Gigliola da Carrara
1394
no children

Laura (Parisina) Malatesta
1418
three children

Ricciarda of Saluzzo
1429 or 1431
two children
Recovered Reggio in 1405.
Taddeo 1390
Este
Son of Azzo X
1415-1448 21 June 1448
Mozzanica
aged 43
Este Margherita Pio
two children

Maddalena Arcelli
no children
Leonello 21 September 1407
Ferrara
Bastard son of Niccolò III and Stella de' Tolomei
1441-1450 1 October 1450
Voghiera
aged 43
Ferrara, Modena and Reggio Margherita Gonzaga
1435
one child

Maria of Naples
1444
no children
Bertoldo II May 1434
Este
Son of Taddeo and Margherita Pio
1441-1450 4 November 1463
Corinth
aged 29
Este Giacopa Leonessa
no children
Left no descendants. After his death the original possessions of the family (marquisate of Este) were annexed to Ferrara.
The Marquisate of Este was definitely annexed to Modena-Ferrara-Reggio
Borso 24 August 1413
Ferrara
Bastard son of Niccolò III and Stella de' Tolomei
1450-1471 18 May 1471
aged 57
Ferrara, Modena and Reggio Unmarried Duke of Modena and Reggio from 1452, Duke of Ferrara from 1471.[7]
Ercole I 26 October 1431
Ferrara
Son of Niccolò III and Ricciarda of Saluzzo
1471-1505 15 June 1505
Ferrara
aged 73
Ferrara, Modena and Reggio Eleanor of Naples
July 1473
six children
Sigismondo I 31 August 1433
Ferrara
Son of Niccolò III and Ricciarda of Saluzzo
1490-1507 1 April 1507
Ferrara
aged 73
San Martino in Rio Pizzocara
three children
Received the lordship based at San Martino in Rio from his brother, in 1490.
Alfonso I 21 July 1476
Ferrara
Son of Ercole I and Eleanor of Naples
1505-1534 31 October 1534
Ferrara
aged 58
Ferrara, Modena and Reggio Anna Maria Sforza
23 January 1491
Pavia
no children

Lucrezia Borgia
1 September 1501
Ferrara
seven children
Ercole Before 1507
Bastard son of Sigismondo I and Cecilia Rachesi
1507-1523 1523
Castellarano
San Martino in Rio Angela Sforza
28 November 1492
two children
Sigismondo II Before 1523
Son of Ercole and Angela Sforza
1523-1561 1561
Pavia
San Martino in Rio Giustina Trivulzio
1533
six children
Ercole II 5 April 1508
Ferrara
Son of Alfonso I and Lucrezia Borgia
1534-1559 3 October 1559
Ferrara
aged 51
Ferrara, Modena and Reggio Renée of France
28 June 1528
Paris
five children
Alfonso II 22 November 1533
Ferrara
Son of Ercole II and Renée of France
1559-1597 27 October 1597
Ferrara
aged 63
Ferrara, Modena and Reggio Lucrezia de' Medici
3 July 1558
Florence
no children

Barbara of Austria
5 December 1565
Innsbruck
no children

Margherita Gonzaga
24 February 1579
Ferrara
no children
Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his cousin Cesare.
Filippo I 1537
Ferrara
Son of Sigismondo II and Giustina Trivulzio
1561-1592 13 December 1592
Ferrara
aged 54/55
San Martino in Rio
(1561-1580)

San Martino in Rio and Lanzo
(1580-1592)
Maria of Savoy
20 January 1570
Turin
five children
During his rule the lordship was raised to a marquisate (1588). Acquired in 1580 the marquisate of Lanzo.
Alfonso 10 March 1527
Ferrara
Bastard son of Alfonso I and Laura Dianti
1562-1587 1 November 1587
Ferrara
aged 50
Montecchio Giulia Della Rovere
3 January 1549
three children
Inherited from his father the lordship of Montecchio, which was raised to marquisate in 1569.
Montecchio briefly annexed to Modena
Carlo Filiberto I 1 November 1571
San Martino in Rio
Son of Filippo I and Maria of Savoy
1592-1652 26 May 1652
Milan
aged 80
San Martino in Rio and Lanzo Luisa de Cárdenas
1606
no children

Livia Marini Castagna
no children
Inherited San Martino in Rio.
Sigismondo 1577
San Martino in Rio
Son of Filippo I and Maria of Savoy
1592-1628 27 August 1628
aged 50/51
Lanzo Francesca Charledes d’Antel d’Hostel
1618
three children
Inherited Lanzo.
Cesare 8 October 1562
Ferrara
Son of Alfonso I, Marquess of Montecchio and Giulia della Rovere
1597-1628 11 December 1628
Modena
aged 67
Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
(1597-1598)

Modena and Reggio
(1598-1628)
Virginia de' Medici
30 January 1586
Florence
ten children
Cousin of the predecessor. In 1598, the lack of recognition of his succession in Ferrara led to its annexation to the Papal States.
Ferrara definitely annexed by the Papal States
Alfonso III 22 October 1591
Ferrara
Son of Cesare and Virginia de' Medici
1628-1629 26 May 1644
Castelnuovo di Garfagnana
aged 52
Modena and Reggio Isabella of Savoy
22 February 1608
Turin
fourteen children
In 1629, abdicated to his son, to enter in the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin.
Luigi I 27 March 1594
Ferrara
Son of Cesare and Virginia de' Medici
1638-1664 1 January 1664
Modena
aged 69
Montecchio Unmarried Received from his nephew the marquisate of Montecchio in 1638. Additionally, inherited the marquisate of Scandiano from the Bentivoglio family.
1643-1664 Scandiano
Filippo II Francesco 1621
Son of Sigismondo, Marquess of Lanzo and Francesca Charledes d’Antel d’Hostel
1628-1652 1653
aged 31/32
Lanzo Margaret of Savoy
30 November 1645
Turin
three children
In 1652, reunited Lanzo and San Martino in Rio. Created, in 1646, the marquisate of Dronero.
1652-1653 San Martino in Rio
Lanzo definitely annexed to San Martino in Rio
Francesco I 6 September 1610
Modena
Son of Alfonso III and Isabella of Savoy
1629-1658 14 October 1658
Santhià
aged 48
Modena and Reggio Maria Caterina Farnese
11 January 1631
Parma
nine children

Vittoria Farnese
12 February 1648
Parma
one child

Lucrezia Barberini
14 October 1654
one child
Joined Florence and Venice against the Papal States in the Wars of Castro, hoping to reconquer Ferrara, with no success.
Carlo Emanuele 1622
Son of Sigismondo, Marquess of Lanzo and Francesca Charledes d’Antel d’Hostel
1652-1695 24 October 1695
Vienna
aged 72/73
Borgomanero and Porlezza Paola Camilla Marliani
one child
Inherited from his father the lands of Borgomanero and Porlezza, creating a new marquisate.
Sigismondo III 1647
Son of Filippo II Francesco and Margaret of Savoy
1653-1732 28 August 1732
Parma
aged 84/85
San Martino in Rio Maria Teresa Grimaldi
seven children
In 1720, the title of "marquess of Lanzo" ceased to exist.
Carlo Filiberto 1649
Son of Filippo II Francesco and Margaret of Savoy
1653-1703 25 July 1703
Parma
aged 53/54
Dronero Thérese de Mesmes de Marolles
six children
Inherited the marquisate of Dronero.
Alfonso IV 14 October 1634
Modena
Son of Francesco I and Maria Caterina Farnese
1658-1662 16 July 1662
Modena
aged 27
Modena and Reggio Laura Martinozzi
27 May 1655
Compiègne
three children
Francesco II
under guardianship of Laura Martinozzi (1662-1674)
6 March 1660
Modena
Son of Alfonso IV and Laura Martinozzi
1662-1694 6 September 1694
Modena
aged 34
Modena and Reggio Margherita Maria Farnese
14 July 1692
Parma
no children
Luigi II 28 August 1648
Reggio Emilia
Son of Borso d'Este and Ippolita d'Este
1664-1698 26 May 1698
Modena
aged 49
Scandiano Unmarried
Foresto 20 April 1652
Son of Borso d'Este and Ippolita d'Este
1664-1680 1725
aged 72/73
Montecchio Unmarried In 1680, abdicated from Montecchio to his brother. Inherited Scandiano in 1698, which after his death reverted to Modena.
1698-1725 Scandiano
Scandiano was annexed to Modena
Cesare Ignazio 1653
Son of Borso d'Este and Ippolita d'Este
1680-1713 1713
aged 59/60
Montecchio Unmarried After his death, Montecchio reverted to Modena.
Montecchio was annexed to Modena
Rinaldo 26 April 1655
Modena
Son of Francesco I and Lucrezia Barberini
1694-1737 26 April 1737
Modena
aged 82
Modena and Reggio Charlotte Felicitas of Brunswick-Lüneburg
11 February 1696
Modena
seven children
Albeit declaring neutrality on the War of the Spanish Succession, France invaded Modena and Rinaldo had to flee to Bologna. In 1707, German troops ousted the French and restored the throne to Rinaldo.
Carlo Filiberto 1646
Son of Carlo Emanuele and Paola Camilla Marliani
1695-1714 24 October 1695
Vienna
aged 72/73
Borgomanero and Porlezza Bibiana Gonzaga
1671
one child
Gabriele 1673
Son of Carlo Filiberto and Thérese de Mesmes de Marolles
1716-1734 1734
Castelfranco Emilia
aged 60/61
Borgomanero and Porlezza Clara Colomba Cobianchi
two children
After his death Dronero went to Birago di Vische family
1703-1734 Dronero
Borgamanero was annexed to San Martino in Rio
Dronero inherited by the Birago di Vische family
Carlo Filiberto II 1678
San Martino in Rio
Son of Sigismondo III and Maria Teresa Grimaldi
1732-1757 30 April 1752
aged 73/74
San Martino in Rio Teresa Sfondrati
1734
three children
In 1747 the marquisate was raised to a principality. However, as he didn't have male heirs, after his death, the ands he ruled went to Modena.
San Martino in Rio definitely annexed to Modena-Reggio
Francesco III 2 July 1698
Modena
Son of Rinaldo and Charlotte Felicitas of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1737-1780 22 February 1780
Modena
aged 81
Modena and Reggio Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans
21 June 1720
Modena
ten children
As the duchy was bankrupted by the Wars of the Spanish, Polish, and Austrian Successions, Francesco sold artworks of the Estense Gallery. He was a careful administrator, but most of the duchy's financial policy was in the hands of the Austrian plenipotentiary, Beltrame Cristiani.
Ercole III 22 September 1727
Modena
Son of Alfonso III and Isabella of Savoy
1780-1796 14 October 1803
Treviso
aged 75
Modena and Reggio Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa
16 April 1741
Modena
two children

Chiara Marini
1795
(morganatic)
one child
In 1785 he founded the Atesine Academy of Fine Arts: during his reign arts and culture flourished. The French invasion forced him to flee to Venice on 7 May 1796. Later, French soldiers captured him there, robbing 200,000 zecchini from his house. Then he moved to Treviso, where he died in 1803. The peaces of Treaty of Campo Formio (1797) and Lunéville had assigned him territories in Breisgau in exchange of the lost Duchy, but he never took possession of them.

Habsburg – Este Dukes of Modena and Reggio, 1814–1859

(from 1815 also Duke of Mirandola and from 1829 Duke of Massa and Prince of Carrara)

NamePortraitBirthMarriagesDeath
Francesco IV
14 July 1814–
21 January 1846
6 October 1779
Milan
son of Ferdinand, Duke of Breisgau and Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa
Maria Beatrice of Savoy
20 June 1812
Cagliari Cathedral
four children
21 January 1846
Modena
aged 66
Francesco V
21 January 1846–
11 June 1859
1 June 1819
Modena
son of Francis IV and Maria Beatrice of Savoy
Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria
20 March 1842
Kreuzkirche (Munich)
one daughter
20 November 1875
Vienna
aged 56

Habsburg – Este Dukes of Modena and Reggio, post monarchy

See also

References

  1. Pius II (2003). Meserve, Margaret; Simonetta, Marcello (eds.). Commentaries, vol. I. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 121.
  2. Cawley 2001.
  3. Luciano Chiappini, Gli Estensi, p. 19, Varese, 1988.
  4. Pivano, Silvio (1935). Obertenghi. Enciclopedia Italiana. Treccani.
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2017-01-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. Claudio Maria Goldoni. Atlante estense. p. 291.
  7. Tuohy, Thomas (2002). Herculean Ferrara : Ercole d'Este, 1471-1505, and the invention of a Ducal capital (1st pbk. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, published with the assistance of the Istituto di Studi Rinascimentali, Ferrara. p. 211. ISBN 978-0521522632.

Bibliography

  • Cawley, Charles (2001), Medieval Lands - Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Modena, Ferrara, fmg.ac
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