Duke of Ferrara and of Modena

Duke of Modena
	Flag of the Duchy of Modena under the Habsburg–Este family
Details
Style	Imperial and Royal Highness
First monarch	Borso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
Last monarch	Francis V, Duke of Modena
Formation	1452
Abolition	1859
Pretender(s)	Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este

Emperor Frederick III conferred Borso d'Este, Lord of Ferrara, with the Duchy of Modena and Reggio in 1452,[1] while Pope Paul II formally elevated him as the Duke of Ferrara in 1471, over which the family had in fact long presided. Nonetheless, this latter territory was lost to the Papal States in 1597, while the Estensi continued to rule the Duchy of Modena and Reggio in the Emilia until 1796, when it became part of Napoleon Bonaparte's Cispadane Republic. In 1814 the duchy was restored under the Habsburg grandson of the last Este Duke, continuing until annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia in 1859.

From the Lordship of Este to the Duchy of Ferrara-Modena-Reggio

House of Este

The line of "Marquesses of Este"("Marchesi d'Este") rises in 1039 with Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan. The name "Este" is related to the city where the family came from, Este. The family was founded by Adalbert the Margrave. who might have been the true first Margrave of Milan of this family. In 1209 Azzo VI is named the first "Marquess of Ferrara", and the title passed to his descendants, and Este Marquisate's was delegated to a cadet branch of the family. Later, were also created the Marquisates of Modena and Reggio.

Partitions of Este territories under Este rule

The Duchy of Modena (in the dark purple) and of Ferrara (in the light purple) in the context of late 15th century Italy.


Marquisate of Este (940-1463) (acquired Ferrara 1187, recovered 1209) (acquired Modena 1288; Reggio 1289)
				Ferrara to the Torelli family (1222-1240)

	Marq. Modena (1293-1361) Interrupted by Modenese Republic (1308-1336)		Marquisate of Ferrara (1293-1308)
			Reggio to Papal States (1306-1405)
				Ferrara to Papal States (1308-1317)
	To Ferrara			Marq. Ferrara (1317-1405)
	Marquisate of Modena,Ferrara and Reggio (1405-1471)
	Duchy of Modena,Ferrara and Reggio (1471-1597)
Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1597-1796, 1814-1859)				Ferrara lost to Papal States 1597
Marq. San Martino in Rio (1490-1757)		Marq. Montecchio (1st creation) (1562-1587)

Marq. Lanzo (1592-1652)
		Marq. Scandiano (inherited from Bentivoglio family) (1643-1725)	Marq. Montecchio (2nd creation) (1638-1713)
Marq. Dronero (1653-1734)	Marq. Borgomanero and Porlezza (1652-1734)


Dronero inherited by Birago di Vische family

Table of rulers

Ruler	Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Consort	Notes
Adalbert the Margrave	Before 940	c.940-951	951	Este (then included in the March of Milan)	Unknown	Ruler of the Eastern March (or March of Milan), and founder of the Obertenghi family, direct ancestor to the House of Este.
Oberto I	Before 951 Son of Adalbert	951-975	15 October 975	Este (then included in the March of Milan)	Willa of Spoleto seven children	Also Marquess of Milan. A son of his was the founder of the Malaspina family.
Oberto II	Before 975 Sons of Oberto I and Willa of Spoleto	975-1014	1014	Este (then included in the March of Milan)	Railenda six children	Also Marquesses of Milan. The sons of Alberto I founded the Pallavicini family.
Alberto I	Before 975 Sons of Oberto I and Willa of Spoleto	975-1002	1002	Este (then included in the March of Milan)	Unknown three children
Ugo I	Before 1014 Son of Oberto II and Railenda	1014	(26 January)[2]1035 Piacenza	Este (then included in the March of Milan)	Unmarried	Also Marquess of Milan. Deposed in the same year of accession.
Alberto Azzo I (Alberto II Azzo I)	Before 1014 Son of Oberto II and Railenda	1014-1029	1029[3]	Este (then included in the March of Milan)	Adela one child	Also Marquess of Milan.
Alberto Azzo II (Alberto III Azzo II)	996[2] or 10 July 1009 Modena Son of Alberto Azzo I and Adela	1029-1097	20 August 1097 Vangadizza aged 87/88 or 100/101	Este (then included in the March of Milan)	Kunigunde of Altdorf 1036 one child Garsenda of Maine c.1050 two children Vitalia Orseolo one child	Also Marquess of Milan, and the founder of the House of Este. His son from his first wife, Welf IV, is the ancestor of the House of Welf.
Folco I	c.1050? Son of Alberto Azzo II and Garsenda of Maine	1097-1128	15 or 22 December 1128[2] Vangadizza aged 87/88 or 100/101	Este (then included in the March of Milan)	Unknown six children	Also Marquess of Milan. Referenced as titular, because, after Alberto Azzo II's death, the lands of the family were partitioned between the various branches of the family (including Malaspinas and Pallavicinis).[4]
Azzo III[2]	After 1071 Sons of Ugo d'Este, Count of Maine and Heria of Hauteville	1128-c.1142	After 1142[2]	Este (then included in the March of Milan)	Aichiva one child	Nephews of Folco, referenced in documents as marchese,[2] proving, along with Azzo's numbering, that they may have co-ruled with their cousins.
Tancredo[2]		1128-c.1145	After 1145[2]	Este (then included in the March of Milan)	Unknown
Azzo IV[2]	c.1100? Sons of Folco I	1128-c.1154	c.1154[2] aged 53/54?	Este (then included in the March of Milan)	Unknown	Sons of Folco I, ruled jointly and with their cousins Azzo III and Tancredo. Obizzo I was the first lord of Ferrara and the last Marquess of Milan of the family. After his death Ferrara and Milan were lost.
Bonifazio I[2]		1128-1163	1163 (before 27 September)[2] aged 62/63?		Unknown two children
Folco II[2]		1128-1178	1178[2] aged 77/78?		Unknown one child
Alberto IV[2]		1128-1184	1184 (after 10 April)[2] aged 83/84?		Matilda two children
Obizzo I		1128-1187	25 December 1193 aged 92/93?		Unknown one child Sofia Lendinara five children
Obizzo I		1187-1193	25 December 1193 aged 92/93?	Este and Ferrara	Unknown one child Sofia Lendinara five children
Azzo V	c.1125 Son of Obizzo I and Sofia Lendinara	c.1140-1187	c.1190 (before 1193)[2]	Este	Marchesella Adelardi 1120 two children	Co-rulers of Obizzo I, both predeceased him. Azzo V as his son, and Bonifazio II as his nephew.
Azzo V	c.1125 Son of Obizzo I and Sofia Lendinara	1187-1190	c.1190 (before 1193)[2]	Este and Ferrara	Marchesella Adelardi 1120 two children
Bonifazio II[2]	Before 1178 Son of Folco II	1178-1187	1190[2]	Este	Unknown
Bonifazio II[2]	Before 1178 Son of Folco II	1187-1190	1190[2]	Este and Ferrara	Unknown
Azzo VI	c.1170 Ferrara Son of Azzo V and Marchesella Adelardi	1193-1209	November 1212 Verona aged 41/42	Este	Sofia Aldobrandini 1189 two children Sophia of Savoy before 1192 one child Alice of Châtillon 22 February 1204 two children	Son of Azzo V. In 1209 was made the first Marquess of Ferrara, recovering this land for the family.
Azzo VI	c.1170 Ferrara Son of Azzo V and Marchesella Adelardi	1209-1212	November 1212 Verona aged 41/42	Este and Ferrara
Aldobrandino I	c.1190 Ferrara Son of Azzo VI and Sofia Aldobrandini	1212-1215	10 October 1215 Ancona aged 24/25	Este and Ferrara	Unknown Before 1215 three children	Half-brothers and co-rulers. In 1222 Azzo was deposed of Ferrara by Salinguerra Torelli, but recovered the city in 1240. Azzo VII raised two of the children of his half-brother, one of them being Saint Contardo of Este.
Azzo VII Novello	c.1205 Ferrara Son of Azzo VI and Alice of Châtillon	1212-1222 1240-1264	16 February 1264 Apulia aged 58/59	Este and Ferrara	Giovanna Puglia 1221 four children Amabilia Pallavicini 1238 no/two children
Azzo VII Novello	c.1205 Ferrara Son of Azzo VI and Alice of Châtillon	1222-1240	16 February 1264 Apulia aged 58/59	Este
Occupation of Ferrara by Salinguerra II Torelli (1212-1240)
Obizzo II	1247 or 1252 Ferrara Bastard son of Rinaldo d'Este	1293-1312	20 January or 13 February[5] 1293 Ferrara aged 41 or 46	Este and Ferrara (1264-1288) Este, Ferrara, Modena and Reggio (1288-1293)	Jacopina Fieschi 1263 three children Constanza della Scala 1289 two children	Grandson of Azzo VII, as bastard son of Azzo's son, Rinaldo. Between 1288 and 1289 he achieved the joining of the communes of Modena and Reggio to the Este's lands. After his death the lands were partitioned between his sons.
Francesco I	c.1290 Ferrara Son of Obizzo II and Constanza della Scala	1293-1312	23 August 1312 Ferrara aged 22/23	Este	Orsina Orsini four children	Retained from inheritance the marquisate of Este.
Aldobrandino II	After 1263 Ferrara Son of Obizzo II and Jacopina Fieschi	1293-1306[6]	26 July 1326 Bologna	Modena	Alda Rangoni April 1305 no children	Received Modena from his father. In 1308, like his nephew in Ferrara, was expelled by the commune. In 1317, after the family recovered Ferrara, he co-ruled also there with his sons and nephews. He never recovered, however, Modena.
Aldobrandino II	After 1263 Ferrara Son of Obizzo II and Jacopina Fieschi	1317-1326	26 July 1326 Bologna	Ferrara	Alda Rangoni April 1305 no children
Modenese Republic (1306-1336)
Azzo VIII	After 1263 Ferrara Son of Obizzo II and Jacopina Fieschi	1293-1306[6]	31 January 1308 Este	Ferrara and Reggio	Giovanna Orsini September 1282 three children Beatrice of Sicily April 1305 no children	In 1306 lost Reggio to the Papal States.
Azzo VIII	After 1263 Ferrara Son of Obizzo II and Jacopina Fieschi	1306-1308	31 January 1308 Este	Ferrara		In 1306 lost Reggio to the Papal States.
Reggio occupied by the Papal States (1306-1405)
Folco II under guardianship of Fresco d'Este (1308)	c.1300? Ferrara Son of Fresco d'Este and Pellegrina Caccianemici	1308[6]	After 1312 Venice	Ferrara	Unknown	Barred from succession, Fresco d'Este held regency for his own son Folco, the designated heir of Azzo VIII. Fresco tried to appeal to the Papal States to regain his place, but Ferrara ended up temporarily absorbed by the Papal army. Folco and his father died in Venice, possibly exiled.
Ferrara occupied by the Papal States (1308-1317)
Rinaldo	c.1290? Ferrara Sons of Aldobrandino II and Alda Rangoni	1317[6]-1335	31 December 1335 Ferrara aged 44/45?	Ferrara	Lucrezia Barbiano one child	Following a pro-Este revolt in Ferrara, the sons of Aldobrandino II (Rinaldo, Niccolò, Obizzo) and Francesco I (Bertoldo and Azzo) ascended together. Some of them accumulated the rule of Ferrara with other government of other parts of Este's lands: Bertoldo and Azzo also ruled in Este since 1312; Obizzo and Niccolò recovered Modena in 1336.
Niccolò I		1317[6]-1336	1 May 1344 Ferrara aged 53/54?	Ferrara	Beatrice Gonzaga 21 April 1335 no children
Niccolò I		1336-1344	1 May 1344 Ferrara aged 53/54?	Ferrara and Modena	Beatrice Gonzaga 21 April 1335 no children
Obizzo III	14 July 1294 Ferrara Son of Aldobrandino II and Alda Rangoni	1317[6]-1336	20 March 1352 Ferrara aged 57	Ferrara	Jacopa Pepoli May 1317 no children Filippa Ariosto (lover until 1347) 27 November 1347 ten children (legitimized 1347)
Obizzo III		1336-1352	20 March 1352 Ferrara aged 57	Ferrara and Modena
Azzo IX	Before 1312 Sons of Francesco I and Orsina Orsini	1312-1317	24 June 1318 Ferrara	Este	Ricciarda da Camino no children
Azzo IX		1317[6]-1318	24 June 1318 Ferrara	Este and Ferrara	Ricciarda da Camino no children
Bertoldo I		1312-1317	21 July 1343 Este	Este	Domenica Pio 1324 two children Caterina da Camino July 1339 Ferrara no children
Bertoldo I		1317[6]-1343	21 July 1343 Este	Este and Ferrara
Francesco II	June 1323 Ferrara Son of Bertoldo I and Domenica Pio	1343-1384	13 December 1384 Este aged 50/51	Este	Caterina Visconti no children Taddea Barbiano three children
Aldobrandino III	14 September 1335 Ferrara Son of Obizzo III and Filippa Ariosto	1352	3 November 1361 Ferrara aged 26	Modena	Beatrice da Camino 1351 two children
Aldobrandino III		1352-1361	3 November 1361 Ferrara aged 26	Ferrara	Beatrice da Camino 1351 two children
Niccolò II the Lame	17 May 1338 Ferrara Son of Obizzo III and Filippa Ariosto	1352-1361	26 March 1388 Ferrara aged 49	Modena	Verde della Scala February 1363 two children
Niccolò II the Lame	17 May 1338 Ferrara Son of Obizzo III and Filippa Ariosto	1361-1388	26 March 1388 Ferrara aged 49	Modena and Ferrara	Verde della Scala February 1363 two children
Azzo X	1344 Este Son of Francesco II and Taddea Barbiano	1384-1415	1415 Venice aged 43	Este	Tommasina Guarnioni Ricciarda da Camino Amabilia Collalto three children (uncertain maternity)	In 1393, he challenged the succession of Niccolò III in Ferrara.
Alberto V	27 February 1347 Ferrara Son of Obizzo III and Jacopa Pepoli	1388-1393	30 July 1393 Ferrara aged 46	Modena and Ferrara	Giovanna da Roberti 1388 no children Isotta Albaresani (lover until 1393) 1393 one child (legitimized 1393)
Niccolò III	9 November 1383 Ferrara Son of Alberto V and Isotta Albaresani	1393-1441	6 December 1441 Ferrara aged 58	Modena and Ferrara (1393-1405) Modena, Ferrara and Reggio (1405-1441)	Gigliola da Carrara 1394 no children Laura (Parisina) Malatesta 1418 three children Ricciarda of Saluzzo 1429 or 1431 two children	Recovered Reggio in 1405.
Taddeo	1390 Este Son of Azzo X	1415-1448	21 June 1448 Mozzanica aged 43	Este	Margherita Pio two children Maddalena Arcelli no children
Leonello	21 September 1407 Ferrara Bastard son of Niccolò III and Stella de' Tolomei	1441-1450	1 October 1450 Voghiera aged 43	Ferrara, Modena and Reggio	Margherita Gonzaga 1435 one child Maria of Naples 1444 no children
Bertoldo II	May 1434 Este Son of Taddeo and Margherita Pio	1441-1450	4 November 1463 Corinth aged 29	Este	Giacopa Leonessa no children	Left no descendants. After his death the original possessions of the family (marquisate of Este) were annexed to Ferrara.
The Marquisate of Este was definitely annexed to Modena-Ferrara-Reggio
Borso	24 August 1413 Ferrara Bastard son of Niccolò III and Stella de' Tolomei	1450-1471	18 May 1471 aged 57	Ferrara, Modena and Reggio	Unmarried	Duke of Modena and Reggio from 1452, Duke of Ferrara from 1471.[7]
Ercole I	26 October 1431 Ferrara Son of Niccolò III and Ricciarda of Saluzzo	1471-1505	15 June 1505 Ferrara aged 73	Ferrara, Modena and Reggio	Eleanor of Naples July 1473 six children
Sigismondo I	31 August 1433 Ferrara Son of Niccolò III and Ricciarda of Saluzzo	1490-1507	1 April 1507 Ferrara aged 73	San Martino in Rio	Pizzocara three children	Received the lordship based at San Martino in Rio from his brother, in 1490.
Alfonso I	21 July 1476 Ferrara Son of Ercole I and Eleanor of Naples	1505-1534	31 October 1534 Ferrara aged 58	Ferrara, Modena and Reggio	Anna Maria Sforza 23 January 1491 Pavia no children Lucrezia Borgia 1 September 1501 Ferrara seven children
Ercole	Before 1507 Bastard son of Sigismondo I and Cecilia Rachesi	1507-1523	1523 Castellarano	San Martino in Rio	Angela Sforza 28 November 1492 two children
Sigismondo II	Before 1523 Son of Ercole and Angela Sforza	1523-1561	1561 Pavia	San Martino in Rio	Giustina Trivulzio 1533 six children
Ercole II	5 April 1508 Ferrara Son of Alfonso I and Lucrezia Borgia	1534-1559	3 October 1559 Ferrara aged 51	Ferrara, Modena and Reggio	Renée of France 28 June 1528 Paris five children
Alfonso II	22 November 1533 Ferrara Son of Ercole II and Renée of France	1559-1597	27 October 1597 Ferrara aged 63	Ferrara, Modena and Reggio	Lucrezia de' Medici 3 July 1558 Florence no children Barbara of Austria 5 December 1565 Innsbruck no children Margherita Gonzaga 24 February 1579 Ferrara no children	Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his cousin Cesare.
Filippo I	1537 Ferrara Son of Sigismondo II and Giustina Trivulzio	1561-1592	13 December 1592 Ferrara aged 54/55	San Martino in Rio (1561-1580) San Martino in Rio and Lanzo (1580-1592)	Maria of Savoy 20 January 1570 Turin five children	During his rule the lordship was raised to a marquisate (1588). Acquired in 1580 the marquisate of Lanzo.
Alfonso	10 March 1527 Ferrara Bastard son of Alfonso I and Laura Dianti	1562-1587	1 November 1587 Ferrara aged 50	Montecchio	Giulia Della Rovere 3 January 1549 three children	Inherited from his father the lordship of Montecchio, which was raised to marquisate in 1569.
Montecchio briefly annexed to Modena
Carlo Filiberto I	1 November 1571 San Martino in Rio Son of Filippo I and Maria of Savoy	1592-1652	26 May 1652 Milan aged 80	San Martino in Rio and Lanzo	Luisa de Cárdenas 1606 no children Livia Marini Castagna no children	Inherited San Martino in Rio.
Sigismondo	1577 San Martino in Rio Son of Filippo I and Maria of Savoy	1592-1628	27 August 1628 aged 50/51	Lanzo	Francesca Charledes d’Antel d’Hostel 1618 three children	Inherited Lanzo.
Cesare	8 October 1562 Ferrara Son of Alfonso I, Marquess of Montecchio and Giulia della Rovere	1597-1628	11 December 1628 Modena aged 67	Ferrara, Modena and Reggio (1597-1598) Modena and Reggio (1598-1628)	Virginia de' Medici 30 January 1586 Florence ten children	Cousin of the predecessor. In 1598, the lack of recognition of his succession in Ferrara led to its annexation to the Papal States.
Ferrara definitely annexed by the Papal States
Alfonso III	22 October 1591 Ferrara Son of Cesare and Virginia de' Medici	1628-1629	26 May 1644 Castelnuovo di Garfagnana aged 52	Modena and Reggio	Isabella of Savoy 22 February 1608 Turin fourteen children	In 1629, abdicated to his son, to enter in the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin.
Luigi I	27 March 1594 Ferrara Son of Cesare and Virginia de' Medici	1638-1664	1 January 1664 Modena aged 69	Montecchio	Unmarried	Received from his nephew the marquisate of Montecchio in 1638. Additionally, inherited the marquisate of Scandiano from the Bentivoglio family.
Luigi I	27 March 1594 Ferrara Son of Cesare and Virginia de' Medici	1643-1664	1 January 1664 Modena aged 69	Scandiano	Unmarried
Filippo II Francesco	1621 Son of Sigismondo, Marquess of Lanzo and Francesca Charledes d’Antel d’Hostel	1628-1652	1653 aged 31/32	Lanzo	Margaret of Savoy 30 November 1645 Turin three children	In 1652, reunited Lanzo and San Martino in Rio. Created, in 1646, the marquisate of Dronero.
Filippo II Francesco		1652-1653	1653 aged 31/32	San Martino in Rio	Margaret of Savoy 30 November 1645 Turin three children
Lanzo definitely annexed to San Martino in Rio
Francesco I	6 September 1610 Modena Son of Alfonso III and Isabella of Savoy	1629-1658	14 October 1658 Santhià aged 48	Modena and Reggio	Maria Caterina Farnese 11 January 1631 Parma nine children Vittoria Farnese 12 February 1648 Parma one child Lucrezia Barberini 14 October 1654 one child	Joined Florence and Venice against the Papal States in the Wars of Castro, hoping to reconquer Ferrara, with no success.
Carlo Emanuele	1622 Son of Sigismondo, Marquess of Lanzo and Francesca Charledes d’Antel d’Hostel	1652-1695	24 October 1695 Vienna aged 72/73	Borgomanero and Porlezza	Paola Camilla Marliani one child	Inherited from his father the lands of Borgomanero and Porlezza, creating a new marquisate.
Sigismondo III	1647 Son of Filippo II Francesco and Margaret of Savoy	1653-1732	28 August 1732 Parma aged 84/85	San Martino in Rio	Maria Teresa Grimaldi seven children	In 1720, the title of "marquess of Lanzo" ceased to exist.
Carlo Filiberto	1649 Son of Filippo II Francesco and Margaret of Savoy	1653-1703	25 July 1703 Parma aged 53/54	Dronero	Thérese de Mesmes de Marolles six children	Inherited the marquisate of Dronero.
Alfonso IV	14 October 1634 Modena Son of Francesco I and Maria Caterina Farnese	1658-1662	16 July 1662 Modena aged 27	Modena and Reggio	Laura Martinozzi 27 May 1655 Compiègne three children
Francesco II under guardianship of Laura Martinozzi (1662-1674)	6 March 1660 Modena Son of Alfonso IV and Laura Martinozzi	1662-1694	6 September 1694 Modena aged 34	Modena and Reggio	Margherita Maria Farnese 14 July 1692 Parma no children
Luigi II	28 August 1648 Reggio Emilia Son of Borso d'Este and Ippolita d'Este	1664-1698	26 May 1698 Modena aged 49	Scandiano	Unmarried
Foresto	20 April 1652 Son of Borso d'Este and Ippolita d'Este	1664-1680	1725 aged 72/73	Montecchio	Unmarried	In 1680, abdicated from Montecchio to his brother. Inherited Scandiano in 1698, which after his death reverted to Modena.
Foresto	20 April 1652 Son of Borso d'Este and Ippolita d'Este	1698-1725	1725 aged 72/73	Scandiano	Unmarried
Scandiano was annexed to Modena
Cesare Ignazio	1653 Son of Borso d'Este and Ippolita d'Este	1680-1713	1713 aged 59/60	Montecchio	Unmarried	After his death, Montecchio reverted to Modena.
Montecchio was annexed to Modena
Rinaldo	26 April 1655 Modena Son of Francesco I and Lucrezia Barberini	1694-1737	26 April 1737 Modena aged 82	Modena and Reggio	Charlotte Felicitas of Brunswick-Lüneburg 11 February 1696 Modena seven children	Albeit declaring neutrality on the War of the Spanish Succession, France invaded Modena and Rinaldo had to flee to Bologna. In 1707, German troops ousted the French and restored the throne to Rinaldo.
Carlo Filiberto	1646 Son of Carlo Emanuele and Paola Camilla Marliani	1695-1714	24 October 1695 Vienna aged 72/73	Borgomanero and Porlezza	Bibiana Gonzaga 1671 one child
Gabriele	1673 Son of Carlo Filiberto and Thérese de Mesmes de Marolles	1716-1734	1734 Castelfranco Emilia aged 60/61	Borgomanero and Porlezza	Clara Colomba Cobianchi two children	After his death Dronero went to Birago di Vische family
Gabriele		1703-1734	1734 Castelfranco Emilia aged 60/61	Dronero	Clara Colomba Cobianchi two children	After his death Dronero went to Birago di Vische family
Borgamanero was annexed to San Martino in Rio
Dronero inherited by the Birago di Vische family
Carlo Filiberto II	1678 San Martino in Rio Son of Sigismondo III and Maria Teresa Grimaldi	1732-1757	30 April 1752 aged 73/74	San Martino in Rio	Teresa Sfondrati 1734 three children	In 1747 the marquisate was raised to a principality. However, as he didn't have male heirs, after his death, the ands he ruled went to Modena.
San Martino in Rio definitely annexed to Modena-Reggio
Francesco III	2 July 1698 Modena Son of Rinaldo and Charlotte Felicitas of Brunswick-Lüneburg	1737-1780	22 February 1780 Modena aged 81	Modena and Reggio	Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans 21 June 1720 Modena ten children	As the duchy was bankrupted by the Wars of the Spanish, Polish, and Austrian Successions, Francesco sold artworks of the Estense Gallery. He was a careful administrator, but most of the duchy's financial policy was in the hands of the Austrian plenipotentiary, Beltrame Cristiani.
Ercole III	22 September 1727 Modena Son of Alfonso III and Isabella of Savoy	1780-1796	14 October 1803 Treviso aged 75	Modena and Reggio	Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa 16 April 1741 Modena two children Chiara Marini 1795 (morganatic) one child	In 1785 he founded the Atesine Academy of Fine Arts: during his reign arts and culture flourished. The French invasion forced him to flee to Venice on 7 May 1796. Later, French soldiers captured him there, robbing 200,000 zecchini from his house. Then he moved to Treviso, where he died in 1803. The peaces of Treaty of Campo Formio (1797) and Lunéville had assigned him territories in Breisgau in exchange of the lost Duchy, but he never took possession of them.

Habsburg – Este Dukes of Modena and Reggio, 1814–1859

(from 1815 also Duke of Mirandola and from 1829 Duke of Massa and Prince of Carrara)

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Francesco IV 14 July 1814– 21 January 1846		6 October 1779 Milan son of Ferdinand, Duke of Breisgau and Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa	Maria Beatrice of Savoy 20 June 1812 Cagliari Cathedral four children	21 January 1846 Modena aged 66
Francesco V 21 January 1846– 11 June 1859		1 June 1819 Modena son of Francis IV and Maria Beatrice of Savoy	Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria 20 March 1842 Kreuzkirche (Munich) one daughter	20 November 1875 Vienna aged 56

Habsburg – Este Dukes of Modena and Reggio, post monarchy

Francesco V (1859–1875)
Francis Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria-Este (1875–1914)
Charles, Archduke of Austria-Este (1914–1917)
Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este (1917–1996)
Lorenz, Archduke of Austria-Este (1996–present)
Heir apparent: Prince Amedeo of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este

References

Pius II (2003). Meserve, Margaret; Simonetta, Marcello (eds.). Commentaries, vol. I. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 121.
Cawley 2001.
Luciano Chiappini, Gli Estensi, p. 19, Varese, 1988.
Pivano, Silvio (1935). Obertenghi. Enciclopedia Italiana. Treccani.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2017-01-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Claudio Maria Goldoni. Atlante estense. p. 291.
Tuohy, Thomas (2002). Herculean Ferrara : Ercole d'Este, 1471-1505, and the invention of a Ducal capital (1st pbk. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, published with the assistance of the Istituto di Studi Rinascimentali, Ferrara. p. 211. ISBN 978-0521522632.

Bibliography

Cawley, Charles (2001), Medieval Lands - Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Modena, Ferrara, fmg.ac

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[1] Pius II (2003). Meserve, Margaret; Simonetta, Marcello (eds.). Commentaries, vol. I. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 121.

[FOOTNOTECawley2001-2] Cawley 2001.

[3] Luciano Chiappini, Gli Estensi, p. 19, Varese, 1988.

[4] Pivano, Silvio (1935). Obertenghi. Enciclopedia Italiana. Treccani.

[5] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2017-01-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[Goldoni-6] Claudio Maria Goldoni. Atlante estense. p. 291.

[Tuohy-7] Tuohy, Thomas (2002). Herculean Ferrara : Ercole d'Este, 1471-1505, and the invention of a Ducal capital (1st pbk. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, published with the assistance of the Istituto di Studi Rinascimentali, Ferrara. p. 211. ISBN 978-0521522632.