Edgar Graham

Graham graduated from the Queen's University of Belfast in 1976. He began working on a Doctorate for the University of Oxford (at Trinity College), and was called to the Bar of Northern Ireland. In 1979 he became a member of the Queen's University Belfast law faculty, lecturing in public law, and was a law faculty colleague of David Trimble.

Graham joined the Ballymena branch of the Ulster Unionist Party at the age of 14. He later became Chairman of the Ulster Young Unionist Council, in which capacity he revived that part of the Party, and was seen as representing a new enlightened brand of Unionism. He subsequently became active in the senior party. In 1982 he addressed the Conservative Party Conference on the subject of Northern Ireland and was singled out as a leader of the future. This led to international invitations such as to Harvard Summer School for leading young lawyers. He was critical of both the British government's perceived indecisiveness and (more quietly) the UUP leadership under James Molyneaux.[1]

Graham was elected a member of the 1982 Northern Ireland Assembly for South Belfast.

In mid-morning on 7 December 1983, while chatting to UUP party and Queen's colleague Dermot Nesbitt at the University Square side of the main campus library, he was shot in the head a number of times by an IRA gunman and died almost instantly. He was 29 years old. Two persons were later convicted of withholding evidence from the police, but no one was ever convicted for his murder.[2][3]

In a communique taking responsibility for the killing, the IRA command said his killing "should be a salutary lesson to those loyalists who stand foursquare behind the laws and forces of oppression of the nationalist people." IRA members said that Graham was targeted because of aid and advice he had reportedly given to the Northern Ireland Prison Service[4]

Former IRA member turned police informer Sean O'Callaghan in his book The Informer suggested that the IRA killed him because he was regarded by a journalist as "potentially the most effective political opponent facing Sinn Féin that the Ulster Unionists had yet produced" and likely to become the party leader.[5]

Graham had also gained attention for his strong arguments publicly supporting internment, the revocation of Special Category Status for republican prisoners, and the British government's network of informers.[4][6]

He had been seen on BBC Northern Ireland, criticising the Thatcher government for not taking a hard enough line against Republican prisoners and hunger strikers.[7]

After Graham's killing, an expression of sympathy was made by James Dooge in Seanad Éireann, the Republic of Ireland's upper house of parliament:

I would like the Seanad to note with horror and dismay the death of the Assemblyman, Edgar Graham, who was murdered outside Queen's University, Belfast, this morning. It has been said by a noted writer that in the death of every man each of us dies a little. I think this is horribly true for us here in Ireland today that for every one of these victims of violence not only do we die a little but our hopes for our country die a little with every one of these outrages.[8]

The resultant Assembly by-election on 1 March 1984 was won unopposed by then Ulster Unionist Party Chief Executive Frank Millar Jr.[9]

The UUP leader, Jim (later Lord) Molyneaux, remarked:

Had Mr Graham not been murdered he would have become the leader of our party, such was his calibre.[10][2]

In honour and remembrance to Edgar Graham there is an inscription at the entrance of the debating hall at Stormont that reads:

IN MEMORY OF EDGAR SAMUEL DAVID GRAHAM ASSEMBLY MEMBER FOR BELFAST SOUTH 1982–1983. SHOT BY TERRORISTS ON 7 DECEMBER 1983. "KEEP ALIVE THE LIGHT OF JUSTICE".[11]

Sylvia, Lady Hermon, who was then a lawyer, was in the students' union at the time the murder was announced, and has spoken of her revulsion at hearing students cheering news of the killing, and of how she vowed never to set foot in the union again.[12]

Graham's death came just two years after the IRA assassination of the South Belfast M.P. Robert Bradford. To this day, Graham is often spoken of by Unionist political leaders.

Some had been targeted by republicans because of their involvement in Unionist politics. Many knew Robert Bradford and Edgar Graham both murdered for defending the Union. Despite this they were prepared to share power with Sinn Féin. This displayed a magnanimity, and generosity of spirit which unfortunately has not yet been reciprocated by republicans. When we ‘jumped first’ and established the devolved Executive last November, the IRA just sat on its guns and did nothing with the result that the British Government had to suspend the Executive.

— David Trimble

It is also puzzling for Unionists why Sinn Féin/IRA are campaigning so vigorously to defend the reputation of Mr Finucane as that of a "human rights lawyer" whilst justifying their murder of the Protestant Human Rights Lawyer, Mr Edgar Graham at Queen's University.

— Families Acting for Innocent Relatives

David Trimble has invoked his friend's killing to show both that the Unionist community had suffered greatly at the hands of republicans, and that more moderate Unionists were willing to take bold moves (especially support for the Good Friday Agreement) and were willing put their suffering behind them.[13]

Journalist Ed Moloney, in his book, A Secret History of the IRA (2003), contends that Graham's killing was ordered by a restive IRA unit, the Belfast Brigade and Ivor Bell, as part of a campaign that was a direct challenge to Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams' call for a more "controlled and disciplined" campaign twinned with a growing parliamentary strategy. Moloney argues that Belfast area attacks by the IRA in late 1983, because of their backlash in the middle classes of both communities, in fact strengthened Adams and Sinn Féin's political path.[14]

Despite Graham's murder, violence in Northern Ireland actually continued in a pattern of decline in 1983, with 77 deaths, down from 97 the previous year.[15] The British Army suffered only five deaths in 1983, its lowest number since 1971, while combined security services suffered 33 deaths (a drop from 40 the year before), and civilian deaths were recorded as 44, the lowest number since 1970.[16]

• Pat Finucane Centre website
• Northern Ireland Assembly, Thursday 15 July 1999
• website of David Trimble, Address to the British Irish Association, September 2000
• Northern Ireland Assembly, debates, Monday 29 November 1999
• Wrecking Trimble, by Ruth Dudley Edwards, Sunday Independent
• House of Commons debate: 1995-06-12
• speech at Queens University Democratic Unionist Association Anniversary Dinner
• Sermon given by the Dean of Belfast Cathedral on Sunday, 6 March 2005, at a service of thanksgiving marking the Centenary of the Ulster Unionist Council
• Irish Seanad statement following Graham's murder

• Bell, J. Bowyer (1997). The Secret Army: The IRA (3rd ed.). Transaction. ISBN 978-1-56000-901-6.
• Coogan, Tim Pat (2002). The IRA. Palgrave. p. 553. ISBN 978-0-312-29416-8.
• Hourican, Bridget; Dudley Edwards, Ruth (2005). An Atlas of Irish History. Routledge. p. 264. ISBN 978-0-415-33952-0.
• Jackson, Alan A. (1999). Ireland, 1798–1998. Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-19542-9.
• McBride, Ian (2011). "The Shadow of the gunman: Irish historians and the IRA". Journal of Contemporary History. 46 (3): 686–710. doi:10.1177/0022009411403343.
• Waller, Robert; Criddle, Byron (2002). Almanac of British Politics. Routledge. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-415-26834-9.