Edinburgh Castle (1910 ship)

Edinburgh Castle was a Union-Castle Line steam ocean liner and refrigerated cargo ship that was launched in 1910 and sunk in 1945. In peacetime she was in liner service between Great Britain and South Africa.

Edinburgh Castle
History
United Kingdom
Name: Edinburgh Castle
Namesake: Edinburgh Castle
Owner: Union-Castle Line
Operator:
  • Union-Castle 1910–14, 1919–39
  • Royal Navy 1914–18, 1939–45
Port of registry: London
Route: England – South Africa
Builder: Harland and Wolff, Belfast
Yard number: 410
Launched: 27 January 1910
Completed: April 1910
Maiden voyage: 21 May 1910
Identification:
Fate: sunk 25 September 1945
General characteristics
Type: ocean liner
Tonnage: 13,326 GT, 7,364 NRT
Length: 570.2 ft (173.8 m)
Beam: 64.7 ft (19.7 m)
Depth: 38.7 ft (11.8 m)
Decks: 4
Installed power: 2,174 NHP
Propulsion:
Speed: 16 knots (30 km/h) service speed
Capacity:
Armament: 8 × QF 6-inch naval guns
Notes: sister ship: Balmoral Castle

Edinburgh Castle was an armed merchant cruiser (AMC) in the First World War and an accommodation ship in the Second World War.

She was the first of two Union-Castle liners called Edinburgh Castle. The second was launched in 1948 and scrapped in 1976.[1]

Building
Edinburgh Castle shortly after launching, 27 January 1910

Harland and Wolff built Edinburgh Castle at Belfast, launching her on 27 January 1910[2] and completing her that April. When she was opened for public inspection on Whit Monday, 16 May 1910 about 1,000 people boarded her. On 21 May 1910 Edinburgh Castle sailed for South Africa.[3] Edinburgh Castle and her sister ship Balmoral Castle[Note 1] were at the time the largest and most powerful vessels in the South African trade.[4]

Edinburgh Castle's tonnages were 13,326 GRT and 7,364 NRT. She was 570.2 feet (173.8 m) long with a beam of 64.7 feet (19.7 m). She was powered by twin quadruple-expansion steam engines, which drove twin screws[5] and gave her a service speed of 16 knots (30 km/h).[6] She had berths for 810 passengers: 320 in first class, 220 in second class, and 270 in third class.[6] Her holds included 155,736 cu ft (4,410 m3) of refrigerated space.[7]

Service

The ship was operated in line service until 1914, when the Admiralty requisitioned her as an armed merchant cruiser[6][8] and had her armed with eight QF 6-inch naval guns.[9]

Edinburgh Castle was sent from England with supplies and men for the Royal Navy squadron in the South Atlantic, joining the northern elements of Admiral Craddock's forces at their coaling base off the Brazilian coast on 12 October 1914. The ship was retained as part of the fleet to aid in the search for the German cruiser SMS Karlsruhe. On the redistribution of forces after the German victory at the Battle of Coronel Edinburgh Castle was left with two other British ships in the north until 19 November when detached carrying mail for England.[10]

Edinburgh Castle was returned to her owners in 1918. In 1934 the call sign GLVR[11] superseded her code letters HQSW.[5] From 1938 Union-Castle stationed her at Southampton as reserve ship.[12]

She was requisitioned again for wartime service in the second World War. She was moored at Freetown in Sierra Leone to accommodate survivors of sunken ships.[6] After the war, it was deemed uneconomic to return her to the UK. She was sunk as a target west of Freetown.[8]

Notes
  1. The Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Govan, launched Balmoral Castle on 12 November 1909.

References
  1. "Edinburgh Castle". Shipping and Shipbuilding. Tees-Built Ships. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  2. "Launches-Irish". The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect. XXXII (March): 322. 1910. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  3. "The Union Castle Co". The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect. XXXII (June): 434. 1910. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  4. "Industrial and Trade Notes — The Clyde and Scotland". The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect. XXXII (December): 184. 1909. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  5. "Steamers & Motorships". Lloyd's Register (PDF). London: Lloyd's Register. 1933. Retrieved 19 December 2020 – via Plimsoll Ship Data.
  6. Miller, William H, Jr (2001). Picture History of British Ocean Liners 1900 to the Present. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. p. 68. ISBN 0-486-41532-5.
  7. "List of Vessels Fitted with Refrigerating Appliances". Lloyd's Register (PDF). London: Lloyd's Register. 1930. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  8. "SS Edinburgh Castle (+1945)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  9. Rosemary; Old Weather Transcriber; Renfrewshire (eds.). "HMS Edinburgh Castle – September 1914 to October 1918, Central and South Atlantic (including Mid-Atlantic, 9th Cruiser Squadron and East Coast of South America), North Atlantic convoys". Royal Navy Log Books of the World War 1 Era. Naval History.Net. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  10. Spencer-Cooper, H (1919). The Battle of the Falkland Islands Before and After. London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne: Cassell and Company, Ltd. pp. 26, 62, 65. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  11. "Steamers & Motorships". Lloyd's Register (PDF). London: Lloyd's Register. 1934. Retrieved 19 December 2020 – via Plimsoll Ship Data.
  12. Wilson, RM (1956). The Big Ships. London: Cassell & Co. p. 159.

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