Edith Heard

Edith Heard (born 1965)[1] FRS MAE[2] is a British researcher in epigenetics.[3] She is a Professor at the Collège de France, holding the Chair of Epigenetics and Cellular Memory, and the Director General of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) since January 2019. From 2010 to 2018, Heard was the Director of the Genetics and Developmental Biology department at the Curie Institute (Paris), France. Heard is noted for her studies of X chromosome inactivation.[4][5][6][7][8][9]

Edith Heard

FRS MAE
Born (1965-03-05) 5 March 1965[1]
NationalityBritish
Alma mater
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisAnalysis of a gene amplification event in rat cells (1990)
Doctoral advisorMike Fried
Websitewww.college-de-france.fr/site/en-edith-heard/

Education

Heard graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Natural Sciences (Genetics) from the University of Cambridge as a student of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, graduating in 1986. She was awarded a PhD from Imperial College London[10] for research investigating gene amplification in rat cells in 1990 while working at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory in London, UK.[1]

Career and research

Heard's main areas of research include genetics, epigenetics and developmental biology,[11] in particular focussing on X-chromosome inactivation, which occurs when one of the two copies of the X chromosomes in female mammals is inactivated. Heard and her colleagues confirmed that X-chromosome inactivation happens not once, but twice, during development: first in all cells designated to building the placenta, then again in some cells sent off to build the embryo.[12][13]

Heard has been a Professor at the Collège de France, holding the Chair of Epigenetics and Cellular Memory, and since 2010 has been director of the Genetics and Developmental Biology department at the Institut Curie in Paris, France.[14]

In June 2017, Heard's appointment as the fifth Director General of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory was announced, with her term scheduled to begin in January 2019.[4]

Honours and awards

In 2017, Heard was awarded the Inserm Grand Prix for her work on epigenetics.[15] In 2013, she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in recognition for her discoveries in epigenetics.[2] Her nomination reads:

Heard has made several groundbreaking discoveries in epigenetics, through her studies on X-chromosome inactivation, the process of dosage compensation in mammals. Heard developed powerful single-cell techniques enabling the analysis of fixed and living embryos and embryonic stem cells. These led to one of her major discoveries, showing that X-inactivation is a highly dynamic process during early embryogenesis and revealing major differences in X-inactivation strategies in different mammals, from mouse to man. Heard has also performed pioneering work revealing that in addition to epigenetic modifications, chromosome organization and nuclear compartmentalization are important players in the initiation and maintenance of X inactivation.[2]

In 2011, Heard received the Grand Prix de la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale in 2011. In 2009, she received the Prix Jean Hamburger. In 2005, Heard was a laureate of the FSER award.[16] Heard has been an EMBO Member since 2005 and won the Suffrage Science award in 2012.[17]

See also

References
  1. Anon (2017). "Heard, Prof. Edith". Who's Who. ukwhoswho.com (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  2. Anon (2013). "Professor Edith Heard FRS". royalsociety.org. London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:
    “All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.” --"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-09.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. Edith Heard publications from Europe PubMed Central
  4. Noyes, Dan (2017-06-28). "EMBL Council selects next Director General". EMBL etc. Archived from the original on 2017-07-19.
  5. Edith Heard publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  6. Narita, M.; Nuñez, S.; Heard, E.; Narita, M.; Lin, A. W.; Hearn, S. A.; Spector, D. L.; Hannon, G. J.; Lowe, S. W. (2003). "Rb-Mediated Heterochromatin Formation and Silencing of E2F Target Genes during Cellular Senescence". Cell. 113 (6): 703–16. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00401-X. PMID 12809602. S2CID 762586.
  7. Avner, P.; Heard, E. (2001). "X-chromosome inactivation: Counting, choice and initiation". Nature Reviews Genetics. 2 (1): 59–67. doi:10.1038/35047580. PMID 11253071. S2CID 5234164.
  8. Heard, E.; Clerc, P.; Avner, P. (1997). "X-Chromosome Inactivation in Mammals". Annual Review of Genetics. 31: 571–610. doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.31.1.571. PMID 9442908.
  9. Heard, E.; Rougeulle, C.; Arnaud, D.; Avner, P.; Allis, C. D.; Spector, D. L. (2001). "Methylation of Histone H3 at Lys-9 is an Early Mark on the X Chromosome during X Inactivation". Cell. 107 (6): 727–738. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00598-0. PMID 11747809. S2CID 10124177.
  10. Heard, Edith (1990). Analysis of a gene amplification event in rat cells. imperial.ac.uk (PhD). Imperial College London. hdl:10044/1/46336. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.717879.
  11. "Edith Heard". The Academy of Europe. Archived from the original on 2013-11-10.
  12. Heard, Edith (2013). "We can't undo what our parents have given us in terms of our genes'". theguardian.com. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2016-12-25.
  13. Chow, J.; Heard, E. (2009). "X inactivation and the complexities of silencing a sex chromosome". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 21 (3): 359–366. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.04.012. PMID 19477626.
  14. "Group page at Institut Curie". Archived from the original on 2013-08-23.
  15. "Edith Heard, Specialist in Epigenetics, Awarded the 2017 Inserm Grand Prize". Newsroom | Inserm. 2017-11-13. Retrieved 2018-10-09.
  16. http://www.cerclefser.org/en/portfolio_page/edith-heard/
  17. "Women In Science". lms.mrc.ac.uk. LMS London Institute of Medical Sciences. Retrieved 2020-08-17.
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