Edward Moran

Moran was born to Thomas and Mary Higson of Lancashire, England on August 19, 1829.[1] Following in the footsteps of his father's profession, he learned to operate a hand-loom at a young age, though he would often be found sketching with charcoal on the white fabric instead of plying the shuttle.[2] His family first emigrated to Maryland in 1844, and then to Philadelphia a year later. Though Moran loved to regale others with a tale of walking alone from Baltimore to Philadelphia in order to find a better future for himself, his niece has declared that the entire family moved to the city together.[3]

Edward Moran, late 1860s, albumen print (carte-de-visite), Department of Image Collections, National Gallery of Art Library, Washington, DC.

It was in Philadelphia around 1845 that Edward apprenticed under James Hamilton and landscape painter Paul Weber;[4] Hamilton guided Moran specifically in the style of marine paintings. In the 1850s Moran began to make a name for himself in the Philadelphia artistic scene; working in the same studio as his younger brother, famous American painter Thomas Moran, Edward received commissions and even completed some lithographic work. In 1862, he traveled to London and became a pupil in the Royal Academy.[3] After moving back to Philadelphia, Moran married Annette Parmentier (his second wife), whom he also apprenticed as a landscape artist in her own right.[2] He then established a studio in New York in 1872, and for some time after 1877 lived in Paris.[4]

Unveiling The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World, 1886

One of his more well-known exhibits, titled Land and Sea, showed 75 of his landscape and marine paintings in March 1871;[2] these paintings were later illustrated in a catalogue by the same name.[5] Proceeds from the exhibit, the catalogue, and the sale of another painting (The Relief Ship Entering Havre) were donated by Moran to aid the sufferers of the Franco-Prussian war.[2]

In 1885, at the height of his career, Moran began on what would be considered his most important work - a series of 13 paintings representing the Marine History of the United States. He chose to have thirteen paintings in the series because of the significance of the number in American history (13 colonies, 13 stars and stripes on the original US flag, etc.). The subjects include Leif Ericsson, Christopher Columbus, Hernando de Soto, Henry Hudson, and Admiral Dewey, among others.[3] Not long after their completion, the series was displayed at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago.[6]

Moran lived in New York City until his death in 1901. Although he had given the series of thirteen paintings to his wife several years before, a legal battle ensued after his death over ownership of the paintings: the executor of Moran's estate refused to hand them over, declaring that they were rightfully under his protection. The Supreme Court in New York City eventually judged in favor of Moran's widow.[2]

At the time of his death, Moran was widely considered to be one of the most important 19th century marine painters. Today he is not as well-known, eclipsed by the work of his younger brother, Thomas Moran, whose career he helped launch. In addition, his sons Edward Percy Moran (born 1862) and Leon Moran[7] (born 1864), his other brother Peter Moran (born 1842),[4] and his nephew Jean Leon Gerome Ferris, also became prominent American artists.