Elsie Wilkins Sexton

Elsie Wilkins Sexton (née Wing, 27 April 1868 – 18 February 1959) was an English zoologist and biological illustrator.[1]

Elsie Wilkins Sexton
Born27 April 1868
Truro, Cornwall
Died18 February 1959
Alfriston, Sussex
NationalityEnglish
Alma materTruro School of Art
Known forResearch on the taxonomy and genetic traits of genus Gammarus
Scientific career
FieldsMarine biology
InstitutionsMarine Biological Association
Arcturus polaris by Elsie Wilkins Sexton published in the British Museum's report on the collections of natural history made in the Antarctic regions during the voyage of the Southern Cross.

Biography

Early life and education

Sexton was born Alice Wilkins Wing at Truro, Cornwall on 27 April 1868. She studied at the Truro School of Art. In 1885 she and her family moved to Plymouth. Not long after moving, she met and married Louis Edwin Sexton.[2]

Career

Louis was a friend of Dr Edgar J Allen, the director of the Marine Biological Association and its laboratory.[3] In 1900 Sexton began providing Dr Allen with scientific illustrations for his publications on polychaete worms and other invertebrates.[4] Her illustrations were first published in 1902, when Sexton provided 12 plates to the British Museum's report on the collections made during the voyage of the Southern Cross.[2]

Although Sexton never formally trained as a zoologist in 1906 she undertook to identify and study amphipod specimens Dr Allen had collected on a field trip to the Bay of Biscay. She published her first scientific paper in 1908.[4] She would continue to publish over 30 scientific papers until 1951.[3] Her research into gammarids helped clarify the complicated taxonomy of those species.[1] Sexton had described several species of amphipods including Tryphosites alleni[5] and Gammarus chevreuxi. The genus Sextonia was named in her honor.[6] Sexton's discovery of a red-eyed mutation in the species Gammarus chevreuxi led to her starting a series of genetic experiments.[1][7][8] Her work with this species also resulted in a collaboration with Julian Huxley in 1920.[2] Sexton's genetic work on the genetics of G. chevreuxi eye color was presented as the textbook example of Mendelian inheritance in E. B. Ford's classic monograph "Mendelism and Evolution".[9] However, Sexton herself is not acknowledged by Ford in that book.

Sexton made illustrations of carvings from Papua New Guinea for the book published by her friend Reverend John Henry Hamilton.[10] Hamilton gave Elsie and Louis Sexton his collection of ethnographic artifacts, and these were later sold by E. W. Sexton to the British Museum and the Liverpool Museum.[11][12]

Death

Sexton's daughter Mary A. F. Sexton had died in 1951, so in 1957 Sexton moved to Sussex to be with her son Colonel F. B. W. Sexton. She died on 18 February 1959 at Alfriston, Sussex, aged 91.[2]

Selected bibliography
  • Sexton, E. W. (1908). "On the Amphipod Genus Trischizostoma". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 78 (2): 370–402. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1908.tb01849.x.
  • Sexton, E. W. (1909). "Notes on some Amphipoda from the North Side of the Bay of Biscay. Families Pleustidie and Eusitridae". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 79 (4): 848–879. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1910.tb06975.x.
  • Sexton, E. W. (1911). "On the Amphipod Genus Leptocheirus". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 8 (3): 561–594.
  • Sexton, E.W. (1911). "A new Amphipod species, Tryphosites alleni". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 7 (8): 510–513. doi:10.1080/00222931108692971.

References
  1. "Obituaries". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. 171 (1): 134–138. July 1960. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1960.tb01209.x.
  2. Spooner, G.M. (1960). "Obituary Mrs E. W. Sexton, F.L.S. (1868–1959)" (PDF). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 39 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1017/S0025315400013059.
  3. Truesdale, Frank (1993). History of Carcinology. Rotterdam: Balkema. p. 169. ISBN 9054101377.
  4. Haines, Catherine M. C.; Stevens, Helen M. (2001). International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 286. ISBN 1576070905.
  5. Sexton, E. W. (1911). "A new Amphipod species, Tryphosites alleni". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 7 Series: 8: 510–513 – via The Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  6. "Sextonia Chevreux, 1920". WORMS world register of marine species.
  7. A. R. Clark; Sexton, E. W. (February 1926). "New Mutations in Gammarus chevreuxi, Sexton". Nature. 117 (2936): 194–195. doi:10.1038/117194b0. ISSN 1476-4687.
  8. Sexton, E. W. (1917). "Experiments on the Mendelian Inheritance of Eye-colour in the Amphipod Gammarus chevreuxi". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 11 (3): 273 – via The Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  9. Ford, Edmund B. (1967). Mendelism And Evolution (PDF) (8th ed.). London: Methuen & Co. Ltd.
  10. Holmes, John Henry (1924). In primitive New Guinea. New York: G. P. Putnam's sons.
  11. "Elsie Wilkins Sexton.Owner of Ethnographical material". Liverpool Museum. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  12. "John Henry Rev Holmes. Missionary collector". Liverpool Museum. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  • Photograph of Elsie Wilkins Sexton
  • Some of Elsie Wilkins Sexton's scientific illustrations on Flickr.
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