Emperor Hanzei

Posthumous name
	Japanese style: Mizuhawake no Sumeramikoto (瑞歯別天皇); Chinese style: Emperor Hanzei (反正天皇)

Hanzei
Hanzei
Emperor of Japan
Reign	406 – 410 (traditional)[1]
Predecessor	Richū
Successor	Ingyō
Born	336
Died	410 (aged 73–74)
Burial	Mozu no Mimihara no naka no misasagi (百舌鳥耳原北陵) (Osaka)
Spouse	Empress Tsuno-hime; (among others);
Issue	See below
Posthumous name
	Japanese style: Mizuhawake no Sumeramikoto (瑞歯別天皇); Chinese style: Emperor Hanzei (反正天皇)
House	Imperial House of Japan
Father	Emperor Nintoku
Mother	Princess Iwa
Religion	Shinto

Emperor Hanzei (反正天皇, Hanzei-tennō) was the 18th legendary Emperor of Japan,[2] according to the traditional order of succession.[3]

No firm dates can be assigned to this Emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 406 CE to 410 CE.[4]

Legendary narrative

Hanzei is regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor" of the 5th century.[5] The reign of Emperor Kinmei (c. 509 – 571 AD), the 29th Emperor,[6] is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates;[7] however, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kanmu (737–806), the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty.[8]

Hanzei was the son of Emperor Nintoku and Princess Iwano-hime, his name was Mizuhawake (瑞歯別). He was the brother of Emperor Richū; and this succession effectively by-passed Richū's two sons. No other details have survived.[3]

Hanzei's contemporary title would not have been tennō, as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō. Rather, it was presumably Sumeramikoto or Amenoshita Shiroshimesu Ōkimi (治天下大王), meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Hanzei might have been referred to as ヤマト大王/大君 or the "Great King of Yamato".

The Nihongi records that the country enjoyed peace during this Emperor's reign.[9]

The description of Hanzei in the Kojiki is daunting as he is described as standing over nine feet tall and have enormous teeth all the same size. He is said to have ruled from the palace of Shibagaki at Tajihi in Kawachi (present-day Matsubara, Osaka); and he is said to have died peacefully in his palace.[9]

Memorial Shinto shrine and mausoleum honoring Emperor Hanzei

The actual site of Hanzei's grave is not known.[2] The Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) in Sakai, Osaka.

The Imperial Household Agency designates the Tadeiyama kofun (田出井山古墳) in Sakai as Hanzei's official mausoleum. It is formally named Mozu no mimihara no kita no misasagi (百舌鳥耳原北陵).[10]

Consorts and children

Imperial Lady (皇夫人): Tsuno-hime (津野媛), Ooyake no omi Kogoto (大宅臣木事)'s daughter

Princess Kai-hime (香火姫皇女)
Princess Tubura-hime (円皇女)

Consort: Oto-hime (弟媛), Ooyake no omi Kogoto (大宅臣木事)'s daughter

Princess Takara-hime (財皇女)
Prince Takabe (高部皇子)

Ancestry

[11]

Ancestors of Emperor Hanzei

8. Emperor Chūai (legendary)

4. Emperor Ōjin

9. Empress Jingū (legendary)

2. Emperor Nintoku

10. Prince Iokiiribiko

5. Nakatsu-hime

11. Kanataya no hime

1. Emperor Hanzei

6. Kazuraki no Sotsuhiko

3. Princess Iwa

Notes

Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom

"Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan" at Kunaicho.go.jp; retrieved 2013-8-28.
Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): 反正天皇 (18); retrieved 2013-8-28.
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 38.
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 25;Brown, Delmer M. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 257; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 112.
Kelly, Charles F. "Kofun Culture," Japanese Archaeology. 27 April 2009.
Titsingh, pp. 34–36; Brown, pp. 261–262; Varley, pp. 123–124.
Hoye, Timothy. (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds, p. 78; excerpt, "According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jinmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jinmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kinmei.
Aston, William. (1896). Nihongi, pp. 109.
Aston, William. (1998). Nihongi, Vol. 1, pp. 310–311.
Ponsonby-Fane, p. 419.
"Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). Retrieved 9 January 2021.

References

Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. OCLC 448337491
Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04940-5; OCLC 59145842

Regnal titles
Preceded by Emperor Richū	Emperor of Japan: Hanzei 406–410 (traditional dates)	Succeeded by Emperor Ingyō

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[1] "Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan" at Kunaicho.go.jp; retrieved 2013-8-28.

[kunaicho-2] Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): 反正天皇 (18); retrieved 2013-8-28.

[ponsonby38-3] Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 38.

[4] Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 25;Brown, Delmer M. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 257; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 112.

[5] Kelly, Charles F. "Kofun Culture," Japanese Archaeology. 27 April 2009.

[Titsingh_pp._34-36-6] Titsingh, pp. 34–36; Brown, pp. 261–262; Varley, pp. 123–124.

[7] Hoye, Timothy. (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds, p. 78; excerpt, "According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jinmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jinmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kinmei.

[8] Aston, William. (1896). Nihongi, pp. 109.

[aston310-9] Aston, William. (1998). Nihongi, Vol. 1, pp. 310–311.

[10] Ponsonby-Fane, p. 419.

[descent-11] "Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). Retrieved 9 January 2021.