Enoch Fenwick

Enoch Fenwick, S.J. (May 15, 1780 – November 25, 1827) was an American Catholic priest and Jesuit, who ministered throughout Maryland and became the president of Georgetown College. Descending from one of the original Catholic settlers of the British Maryland Province, he studied at Georgetown College in Washington, D.C. Like his brother and future bishop, Benedict Joseph Fenwick, he entered the priesthood, studying at St. Mary's Seminary, before entering the Society of Jesus, which was suppressed at the time. He was made rector of St. Peter's Pro-Cathedral in Baltimore by Archbishop John Carroll, and remained in the position for ten years. Near the end of his pastorate, he was also made vicar general of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, which involved traveling to say Mass in remote parishes throughout rural Maryland.

The Reverend

Enoch Fenwick

S.J.
12th President of Georgetown College
In office
1820–1825
Preceded byAnthony Kohlmann
Succeeded byBenedict Joseph Fenwick
Personal details
Born(1780-05-15)May 15, 1780
St. Mary's County, Maryland, U.S.
DiedNovember 25, 1827(1827-11-25) (aged 47)
Georgetown, District of Columbia, U.S.[lower-alpha 1]
Resting placeJesuit Community Cemetery
RelationsBenedict Fenwick (brother)
Alma mater
Orders
OrdinationMarch 12, 1808
by Leonard Neale

In 1820, Fenwick reluctantly accepted his appointment as president of Georgetown College. While he made some improvements to the curriculum, his presidency was considered unsuccessful due to declining enrollment and mounting debt. In August 1825, he effectively abandoned the post, leaving the provincial superior, who spoke little English, to manage the institution. Two years later, he died at Georgetown.

Early life

Enoch Fenwick was born on May 15, 1780, in St. Mary's County, Maryland, one of four brothers, three of whom would become priests.[2] He descended from one of the original Catholic settlers of the Maryland Province,[3] Cuthbert Fenwick.[4] One of his brothers was Benedict Joseph Fenwick,[5] who became the Bishop of Boston and a president of Georgetown College.[6] Another brother, George Fenwick, also entered the priesthood, while another brother did not enter religious life.[7]

Fenwick enrolled at Georgetown College in 1793, which he attended until 1797.[8] The president, William Dubourg, identified him as the best student in the college, and appointed him in 1797 to teach rudiments to the young students in the lower school.[3] He then entered St. Mary's Seminary in Baltimore in 1805. The following year, he entered the Society of Jesus on October 10,[9] becoming a member of the first class in the Jesuit novitiate at Georgetown,[3] and one of four[lower-alpha 2] who were the first Jesuits ordained priests in the United States.[6]

As the Jesuit order had been officially suppressed by Pope Clement XIV,[11] Fenwick was admitted to the Corporation of Catholic Clergymen,[12] the civil corporation that sought to preserve the Society and its property until its restoration by Pope Pius VII in 1815.[11] He was ordained a priest on March 12, 1808, in Georgetown,[13] by Bishop Leonard Neale.[14]

Ministry in Baltimore

Following his ordination, he was made the assistant to the Archbishop of Baltimore, John Carroll.[15] Upon the death of Francis Beeston in 1809,[10] Fenwick was appointed by Carroll as rector of St. Peter's Pro-Cathedral in Baltimore, where he raised money for the construction of a new St. Peter's church building.[16] He oversaw work that began in 1806 and continued until 1812,[17] before being halted by the War of 1812.[15] Construction resumed in 1815, and was completed in 1821.[17] Fenwick held the position of rector until 1820, when he was succeeded by James Whitfield.[18] From 1809 to 1815, he also served on the Board of Directors of Georgetown College.[19]

Simultaneous with his rectorship, in 1819, he became vicar general for the Archdiocese of Baltimore.[15] In this position, he served as chaplain in Port Tobacco, Maryland, where he said Mass every other Sunday. He was also required to travel to three others parishes throughout Charles County (in Lower Zacchia, Upper Zacchia, and Pomfret) every other Sunday, because they had been abandoned by a priest who returned to England.[20]

He was considered on several occasions for being raised to the episcopate, specifically as Bishop of Louisiana and the Two Floridas or Bishop of Detroit.[21] He was also considered by Bishop Edward Fenwick for being made the coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Cincinnati.[22]

Georgetown College
The campus of Georgetown College shortly after the end of his term of office

The Jesuit visitor to the United States, Peter Kenney, recommended to Archbishop Ambrose Maréchal of Baltimore that Fenwick be appointed president of Georgetown College in the summer of 1820.[5] This recommendation heeded, he was informed that he would be named to the office in August of that year,[3] and his term officially began on September 16, 1820.[23] He assumed the office very reluctantly from Anthony Kohlmann, who quit the presidency to establish the Washington Seminary.[24] Resenting his transfer from the cathedral in Baltimore to Georgetown, Fenwick viewed the college as having "one foot in the grave of disgrace" and little prospect for recovery.[3]

Overall, Fenwick's administration of the college was evaluated by Stephen Larigaurdelle Dubuisson, a subsequent president of Georgetown, as "wretched."[25] The size of the student body declined, due to the opening of Columbian College and the Washington Seminary nearby, and the college's debts grew, as he viewed pursuing parents for overdue tuition and board distasteful during the economic recession. The reputation of the school suffered due to this.[26] Fenwick attempted to offset this decline by publishing a new prospectus and placing advertisements in newspapers.[23] His administration was markedly hands-off, as he allowed the prefect of studies, Roger Baxter, to manage most of the affairs of the school. Baxter was known for his liberal attitude toward student discipline and in his own consumption of alcohol and alleged unaccompanied visitation of women in the City of Washington;[26] Baxter was later deported to Europe by the provincial superior, Francis Dzierozynski.[27]

Despite these deficiencies, Fenwick undertook several reforms of the curriculum. He divided the year into two semesters, and definitively prescribed the course of study as including one class of rudiments, three in grammar, one in humanities, and one in rhetoric. Each professor also taught Ancient Greek, French, Latin, and English in their classes.[28] The first college journal, called The Minerva, was also circulated. Printing presses were not available to the school, so it was written in manuscript form, and lasted for only a few issues.[29] The college's library saw substantial growth during his tenure, and he personally donated a number of books.[30]

In August 1825, without resigning the office, he left the college, effectively leaving Dzierozynski, who spoke little English and was unfamiliar with American ways, in charge.[25] He was officially replaced by Benedict Fenwick later that year,[31] who resumed the office in an acting capacity.[32] Enoch Fenwick died on November 25, 1827, at Georgetown College, and was buried in the Jesuit Community Cemetery.[4]

Notes
  1. Georgetown was a separately chartered city within the District of Columbia until the consolidation of the district's governments into a single entity, Washington, D.C., with the Organic Act of 1871.[1]
  2. The other three ordained alongside Fenwick were Benedict Fenwick, Leonard Edelen, and James Spink.[10]

References

Citations
  1. Dodd 1909, p. 40
  2. Buckley 2013, p. 100
  3. Curran 1993, p. 92
  4. Historical Records and Studies 1909, p. 385
  5. Curran 1993, p. 90
  6. Devitt 1909, p. 31
  7. McLaughlin 1899, p. 141
  8. Curran 1993, p. 40
  9. Catalogue of the Maryland Mission 1886, p. 189
  10. Records of the American Catholic Historical Society 1911, p. 252
  11. Curran 2012, pp. 14–16
  12. Hughes 2009, p. 872
  13. Ryan 1903, p. 197
  14. Shea 1891, p. 61
  15. Ryan 1903, p. 203
  16. Easby-Smith 1907, p. 58
  17. Historical Records and Studies 1909, p. 386
  18. The Catholic Church in the United States of America 1914, p. 59
  19. Curran 1993, p. 402
  20. Hughes 2009, p. 956
  21. O'Daniel 1920, p. 275
  22. O'Daniel 1920, p. 304
  23. Shea 1891, p. 58
  24. Buckley 2013, p. 94
  25. Buckley 2013, p. 110
  26. Curran 1993, p. 93
  27. Curran 1993, p. 97
  28. Easby-Smith 1907, p. 97
  29. Shea 1891, p. 59
  30. "History of the Georgetown University Library". Georgetown University Library. Archived from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
  31. Buckley 2013, p. 111
  32. Curran 1993, p. 404

Sources
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Francis Beeston		 3rd Rector of St. Peter's Pro-Cathedral
1809–1820		 Succeeded by
James Whitfield
Preceded by
–		 Vicar General of the Archdiocese of Baltimore
1819–1820		 Succeeded by
–
Academic offices
Preceded by
Anthony Kohlmann		 12th President of Georgetown College
1820–1825		 Succeeded by
Benedict Joseph Fenwick
as Acting President
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