Epidendrum calanthum

Epidendrum calanthum is a terrestrial reed-stemmed Epidendrum orchid from the montane Tropical rainforest of Bolivia (including Cochabamba), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and the West Indies.[2]

Epidendrum calanthum
E. calanthum at Olbrich Botanical Gardens, Madison, WI.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Genus: Epidendrum
Subgenus: Epidendrum subg. Amphiglottium
Section: Epidendrum sect. Schistochila
Subsection: Epidendrum subsect. Carinata
Species:
E. calanthum
Binomial name
Epidendrum calanthum
Rchb.f. ex Warsz.
Synonyms[1]
  • Epidendrum caucae Schltr.
  • Epidendrum filomenoi Schltr.
  • Epidendrum huanucoense Schltr.
  • Epidendrum paytense Rchb.f.

Description

E. calanthum shares with other members of the subgenus E. subg. Amphiglottium Lindl. (1842) a sympodial habit, terete stems covered from the base with close, tubular, disthicous sheathes which are leaf-bearing on the upper part of the stem, and a terminal peduncle covered from its base with close, tubular sheathes.[3] The stem grows to 1 m tall below the inflorescence, and the inflorescence itself grow to 0.4 m tall, with the white to pink resupinate flowers born in a congested raceme at the end. The leaves grow to 10 cm long. The oblong sepals are 9 mm long. The petals are 9 mm long and narrower than the sepals, with serulate to erose edges. The broad, lacerate lip is adnate to the column to its apex, and is trilobate, as is typical for the section E. sect. Schistochila, although the lacerations on the margins of the lobes are nearly as deep as the lacunae between the lobes, making the lip almost seem to be entire. The central lobe is divided in two at the apex and bears the keel or carina typical of the subsection E. subsect. Carinata beginning near the apex of the column between two small bumps and extending nearly to the apex of the lip. The chromosome number of E. calanthum is 2n = 30.[4]

Although E. calanthum bears a remarkable similarity to E. imatophyllum due to both species having nearly undivided lips, Dodson & Vásquez 1989 notes that they can be easily distinguished because E. calanthum has resupinate flowers, whereas the flowers of E. imatophyllum are non-resupinate.

The diploid chromosome number of E. calanthum has been determined as 2n = 30.[5] It can hybridize with other species, blurring species boundaries in sympatric populations[6]

Synonymy
  • Epidendrum calanthum var. revertianum Stehlé (1939)[7] and Epidendrum calanthum subsp. revertianum (Stehlé) Sastre (1990)[8] are now recognized as synonyms for Epidendrum revertianum (Stehlé) Hágsater (1993).
  • Epidendrum calanthum var. rubrum Stehlé (1939) is now recognized as a synonym for Epidendrum rubroticum Hágsater (1993).[9]

References
  1. The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 26 July 2017
  2. C. Dodson and R. Vásquez, "Epidendrum Calanthum Rchb.f. & Warsc.", plate 0325 of Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series II: Orchids of Bolivia, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. 1989.
  3. H. G. Reichenbach "Orchides", items 274 (E. calanthum) & 276 (E. paytense), in C. Müller, Ed. Walpers. Annales Botanices Systematicae VI(1861) pp. 390 & 391. Berlin.
  4. Fábio Pinheiro, Samantha Koehler, Andréa Macêdo Corrêa, Maria Luiza Faria Salatino, Antonio Salatino & Fábio de Barros. "Phylogenetic relationships and infrageneric classification of Epidendrum subgenus Amphiglottium (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae)", Plant Systematics and Evolution published online 25 September 2009. Springer Wien. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00606-009-0224-2
  5. page 251 of Leonardo P. Felix and Marcelo Guerra: "Variation in chromosome number and the basic number of subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)" Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 163(2010)234-278. The Linnean Society of London. downloaded October 2010 from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01059.x/pdf
  6. Vega, Yesenia; Marques, Isabel; Castro, Sílvia; Loureiro, João (5 November 2013). "Outcomes of Extensive Hybridization and Introgression in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae): Can We Rely on Species Boundaries?". PLOS One. 8 (11): e80662. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080662. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3818259. PMID 24224057.
  7. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=69427&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=67997&status=false
  8. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=69427&repSynonym_id=67997&name_id=67996&status=false
  9. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=69471&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=67998&status=false
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