Eragrostis pilosa

Eragrostis pilosa is a species of grass. It is native to Eurasia and Africa.[1] It may[1][2] or may not[3][4] be native to North America. It is widely introduced, and it is a common weed in many areas.

Eragrostis pilosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Eragrostis
Species:
E. pilosa
Binomial name
Eragrostis pilosa
Synonyms

Eragrostis multicaulis
Eragrostis perplexa
Poa pilosa

Common names include Indian lovegrass,[5] Jersey love-grass,[6] hairy love grass, small tufted lovegrass, soft lovegrass (English), éragrostide poilue, pâturin poilu (French), barba de indio, pasto ilusión, pasto pelillo, sereno (Spanish), hua mei cao (Chinese),[3] behaartes Liebesgras (German), capim-barbicha-de-alemão, panasco (Brazilian Portuguese),[1] and gangami subu (Zarma).[7]

Description

This species is an annual grass growing up to 70 centimeters tall. The narrow leaves are up to 20 centimeters long. Both stem and foliage usually have scattered glandular pits; when the species is divided into varieties, the abundance of the pits helps to distinguish them.[4] The ligule is a short fringe of hairs. The inflorescence is an open panicle with branches each up to 10 centimeters long. The lowest branches are whorled about the stem. The narrow, grayish[4] to purple-green[3] spikelets are up to a centimeter long and each can contain up to 10[3] to 17 florets.[4]

Habitat and dispersal

This grass can be found in a variety of habitat types, easily taking hold in disturbed areas such as roadsides and crop fields. It grows well in moist and wet habitat, including swamps. It is spread by seed, which is transported by water and wind, in soil and hay, and on machinery and trains.[3] It likely has a long-lasting soil seed bank.[8]

Uses

The grass has some value as a forage and fodder.[7][9] The grain is edible by humans.[7]

Teff

This grass is also of interest in agriculture because it is the main wild ancestor of teff (Eragrostis tef), a staple cereal in some regions and of particular importance in Ethiopia. The close connection between the two grasses is supported by genetic evidence. They are also very similar in morphology, sometimes indistinguishable. The most consistent difference is that E. pilosa undergoes spikelet shattering, the disintegration of the seedhead that is the first step in seed dispersal. Teff heads do not shatter, making the plant easier to manage as an agricultural crop. E. pilosa has been occasionally harvested as a grain in Ethiopia, but only in times of desperation.[10]

The majority of Eragrostis species are polyploid, with more than two sets of chromosomes; E. pilosa is an allotetraploid, containing the genes of other species, suggesting it is of hybrid origin. Teff is also allotetraploid. Fertile hybrids between the two have been bred.[10]

Ecology

This grass can be infested with the parasitic plant purple witchweed (Striga hermonthica).[11]

References
  1. "Eragrostis pilosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  2. Eragrostis pilosa var. pilosa. The Jepson Manual, 1993.
  3. Eragrostis pilosa. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). USFS.
  4. Eragrostis pilosa. Archived 2013-06-24 at Archive.today Grass Manual. Flora of North America.
  5. "Eragrostis pilosa". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  6. "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  7. Eragrostis pilosa. Fakara Plants. Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences.
  8. Li, X., et al. (2006). Germination strategy and ecological adaptability of Eragrostis pilosa. (Chinese) Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 17(4) 607-10.
  9. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. - Jersey Love-grass. AgroAtlas: Interactive Agricultural Ecological Atlas of Russia and Neighboring Countries.
  10. Ingram, A. L. and J. J. Doyle. (2003). The origin and evolution of Eragrostis tef (Poaceae) and related polyploids: evidence from nuclear waxy and plastid rps16. American Journal of Botany 90(1) 116-22.
  11. Watling, J. R. and M. C. Press. (1998). How does the C4 grass Eragrostis pilosa respond to elevated carbon dioxide and infection with the parasitic angiosperm Striga hermonthica? New Phytologist 140(4) 667-75.
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