Eryngium planum

Eryngium planum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Apiales
Family:	Apiaceae
Genus:	Eryngium
Species:	E. planum
Binomial name
	Eryngium planum; L.

Eryngium planum, the blue eryngo[1] or flat sea holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the area that includes central and southeastern Europe and central Asia. It is an herbaceous perennial thistle growing to 50 cm (20 in) with branched silvery-blue stems, and numerous small blue conical flowerheads surrounded by spiky bracts in summer.[2]

Herbal

E. planum is used in European folk medicine as a diuretic, a stimulant, and an appetizer owing to its essential oils, and bioactive compounds,[3] and in this usage it may be known as Eryngii plani herba or Eryngii plani radix.

Analysis

The groups of bioactive compounds present in E. planum are phenolic acids, triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, and essential oils.[4] The wide range of compounds is reflected in the wide range of uses.

Qualitative and quantitative determinations of the phenolic acids by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) show relatively small amounts of rosmarinic, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids in the basal leaves and the roots of intact plants, and greater concentrations in E. planum from in vitro cultures. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the essential oil compounds performed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector linked to a mass spectrometer (GC-FID-MS) show the main components of stalk leaf oil, and rosette leaf oil, as monoterpenes (limonene, and α- and β-pinene), sesquiterpenes, and hydrocarbons. (Z)-Falcarinol was found as the major component of root essential oil.[3]

E. planum L. ethanolic extracts of shoots and roots show a significant antifungal and moderate antibacterial activity.[5]

References

"BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
Thiem, Barbara; Kikowska, Małgorzata; Kurowska, Anna; Kalemba, Danuta (2011). "Essential Oil Composition of the Different Parts and In Vitro Shoot Culture of Eryngium planum L." Molecules. 16 (8): 7115–7124. doi:10.3390/molecules16087115.
Kikowska, Małgorzata; Budzianowski, Jaromir; Krawczyk, Aldona; Thiem, Barbara (2012). "Accumulation of rosmarinic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids in in vitro cultures of Eryngium planum L.". Acta Physiol Plant. 34: 2425–2433.
Thiem, Barbara; Goślińska, Olga; Kikowska, Małgorzata; Budzianowski, Jaromir (2010). "Antimicrobial activity of three Eryngium L. species (Apiaceae)". Herba Polonica. 56 (4): 52–59.

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[BSBI07-1] "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.

[RHSAZ-2] RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.

[Thiem-3] Thiem, Barbara; Kikowska, Małgorzata; Kurowska, Anna; Kalemba, Danuta (2011). "Essential Oil Composition of the Different Parts and In Vitro Shoot Culture of Eryngium planum L." Molecules. 16 (8): 7115–7124. doi:10.3390/molecules16087115.

[Kikowska-4] Kikowska, Małgorzata; Budzianowski, Jaromir; Krawczyk, Aldona; Thiem, Barbara (2012). "Accumulation of rosmarinic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids in in vitro cultures of Eryngium planum L.". Acta Physiol Plant. 34: 2425–2433.

[5] Thiem, Barbara; Goślińska, Olga; Kikowska, Małgorzata; Budzianowski, Jaromir (2010). "Antimicrobial activity of three Eryngium L. species (Apiaceae)". Herba Polonica. 56 (4): 52–59.